His Divine Holiness

Nithyananda Paramashivam?

The many dimensions of

His Divine Holiness

Nithyananda Paramashivam

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Incarnations, Great Seers, Rishis, Munis, Siddhas (Superconscious mutants) who know the Science of Incarnation as per Hinduism, predicted and recognised

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam as an incarnation of Paramashiva and Parashakti

Ebook ISBN: 979-8-88572-888-1

Mata Vibhutananda Puri

Poondi Swamigal

Isakki Swamigal

Annamalai Swamigal

Kanchi Paramacharya

Visiri Swamigal

Sri Tiruchi Mahaswami

Yogiraj Yogananda Puri

Thinnai Swami

Srinivasa Swamigal

Mouma Swami Narayanasamy

Gnananda Giri

The Supreme Pontiff of Hinduism

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Sri Sadhu Om

Angapradakshina Annamalai Swamigal

Vidwan Panduranganar

23oth Guru Maha Sannidhanam of Thondaimandala Aadheenam

SHASTRA PRAMANA

(Hindu scriptural reference for THE POWER OF GURUVAK) IN THE GURU GITA, VERSE 40, PARAMASHIVA REVEALS:

गुरुवक्त्रे स्थितं ब्रह्म प्राप्त्यते तत्प्रसादत: | गुरुर्ध्यानं सदा कुर्यात् कुलस्त्री स्वपतिं यथा || ४० ||

guruvaktre sthitam brahma prāpyate tatprasādatah | gurordhyānam sadā kuryāt kulastrī svapatim yathā || 40 ||

Knowledge is situated in the Guru's mouth or organ of speech, Guruvaktra, and this knowledge is attainable by devotion onto the Guru, Gurubhakti. In the three worlds, this fact is clearly enunciated by the divine Sages (devarṣis), ancestors (pitṛas) and learned men.

Gnanananda Giri

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SHASTRA PRAMANA

(Hindu scriptural reference for the POWER OF INTEGRITY TO THE GURU)

IN THE GURU GITA, VERSE 257, PARAMASHIVA REVEALS to DEVI, HIS DIVINE CONSORT:

गुरुर्देवो गुरुर्धर्मो गुरौ निष्ठा परं तपः |

गुरो: परतरं नास्ति त्रिवारं कथयानी ते || २५७ ||

gururdevo gururdharmo gurau niṣṭhā param tapaḥ |

guroḥ parataram nāsti trivāram kathayāni te || 257 ||

Guru is God. Guru is Dharma. The greatest penance (tapa) is niṣṭha, unshakable one-pointed integrity to the Guru. There is nothing superior to Guru or beyond the Guru. I repeat this three-times.

Gnanananda Giri

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Maternal grandparents - Yellammal and Raju Mudaliar

Paternal grandmother - Anusuya Ammal

Maternal grandfather's sister - Dhanakoti Ammal

Parents - Arunachalam and Lokanayaki Ammal

Father's brother (Periappa) - Kumarasami

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Mata Vibhutananda Puri

Poondi Swamigal

Isakki Swamigal

Annamalai Swamigal

Kanchi Paramacharya

Visiri Swamigal

Sri Tiruchi Mahaswami

Yogiraj Yogananda Puri

Thinnai Swami

Sri Sadhu Om

Angapradakshina Annamalai Swamigal

Srinivasa Swamigal

Gnananda Giri

230th Guru Maha Sannidhanam of Thondaimandala Aadheenam

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KAILAASA

REVIVING THE ENLIGHTENED CIVILIZATION

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE ONLY HINDU NATION: kailaasa.org

HDH NITHYANANDA PARAMASHIVAM

Reviver of - Kailaasa, Enlightenment Civilization, the only Hindu nation

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Sri Sheshadri Swamigal

Mata Vibhuthai with HDH Nithyananda Paramashivoham

Before the birth of Mata Vibhuthai, Shesadri Swamigal tells her mother, “You will have Mother. When Father comes, Mother will take care of Father.” Thiruvannamalai Saints refer to Paramashiva as their Father and Parashakti as their Mother.

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Kanchi Paramacharya

Kanchi Paramacharya was involved in predicting, recognising and training HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam to flower as a full fledged superconscious mutant.

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

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Ramana Maharishi

Raju Mudaliar

Devaraju Mudaliar

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Ramana Maharishi foresaw the birth of a superconscious mutant before the birth of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam in his family. Ramana Maharishi told His Divine Holiness's grandfather; Raju Mudaliyar and his friend Devaraju Mudaliyar that "Annamalayar (Paramashiva in the form of sacred Arunachala hill) will born as your grandson and take care of Him properly."

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Mā Loganayaki and Sri Arunachalam

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam (Age 2)

His Divine Holiness Nithyananda Paramashivam was born to a devoted Adi Shaiva Vellalar family in the small temple town of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu. (Jan 1978) Pictured above are His parents - Loganayaki Ammal and Sri Arunachalam.

Sri La Sri Sadhu Swamigal @ anjavur Swamigal)

"Rajasekaran" (HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam)

R.Venkatasami Chettiar

Horoscope prediction by family astrologers - R. Venkatasami Chettiar and Tanjavur Swamigal (1978). Astrology predicted that the newly born child is an Incarnation and will be a Raja Sanyasi (King among Ascetics). He was duly given Lord Shiva's own name "Rajasekaran"

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Kumarasamy Chettiar

His son Annamalai Chettiar married to Anusuya Ammal

Their son Sri Arunachalam married to Lokanayaki Ammal

Their second son HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Paternal Family Tree of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

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Raju Mudaliar and Yellammal

Their daughter Lokanayaki Ammal married to Sri Arunachalam

Their second son HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

MATERNAL FAMILY TREE of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

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Grandfather's Ganesha

First Ganesha that ate the food

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Parents' Ganesha

Uncle - Kumarasamy's Ganesha

Lord Ganesha gave Darshan to HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam, accepting the food that He offered, blessing Him with the sacred space of Nithyatva. He then offered food to 3 other Ganeshes. All Ganeshes ate. (approx. 1981)

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Lord Ganesha gave Darshan to HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam, accepting the food that He offered, blessing Him with the sacred space of Nithyatva. This is an illustration and depiction of the incident, as described by HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam. (approx. 1981)

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Poondi Swamigal

Mata Vibhuthai and Anusuya Ammal

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Mata Vibhuthai and His grandmother Anusuya Ammal took His Divine Holiness to Poondi Swamigal as a baby for blessings. He took young Swamiji to his lap and offered Him traditional puja items of fruits and flowers. The sacred Arunachala was visible from where Poondi Swamigal was sitting. He blessed young Swamiji, pointed at the hill and said “Appan (Father) has come! Appan has come! Appan has come!” Tiruvannamalai Saints refer to Paramashiva as their own father.

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Poondi Swamigal

Mata Vibhutananda Puri and

Anusuya Ammal

(HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam)

"Rajasekaran"

Vendanta Guru Mata Vibhutananda Puri and paternal grandmother Anusuya Ammal took His Divine Holiness to Poondi Swamigal as a baby for his blessings. Upon seeing Him, Poondi Swamigal exclaimed, "My father has come! My father has come!" He then kept young Swamiji on his own lap and received the traditional offering of pada puja from Him (ritualistic offering to a Guru's sacred feet). Earlier, when His Divine Holiness's mother had visited Poondi Swamigal when she was pregnant, Poondi Swamigal had exclaimed, "My father Himself will be born!" Tiruvannamalai Saints refer to Paramashiva as their own father. Thus the incarnationhood of His Divine Holiness was mystically revealed by the great Saints of Tiruvannamalai.

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P.Raju Mudaliar

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Sri Panduranganar

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam mastered Adi Shaivam and Shaiva Siddhantam under His grandfather P.Raju Mudaliar and Sri Panduranganar

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CP Sundari Ammal, Founder and Headmistress

Sri Ganesh Nursery and Primary School, Tiruvannamalai Where His Divine Holiness was admitted for 1 year of lower kindergarten in 1981

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

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Visiri Swamigal

Isakki Swamigal

Mata Vibhuthai

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Visiri Swamigal was involved from the very beginning in grooming and flowering of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam as full fledged superconscious mutant along with Mata Vibhuthai and Isakki Swamigal. Isakki Swamigal, an adept and great Siddha by Himself, had multiple discussions and confirmations with other Siddhas and enlightened beings before He declared HDH as the incarnation of Paramashiva and will be reviving Kailasa. HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam received initiation and was personally trained by Isakki Swamigal.

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Isakki Swamigal

"Brahmāsukhi"

(HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam)

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam mastered the Vedas and Agamas under His Guru, Isakki Swamigal. He received the title "Brahmāsukhi" through formal initiation from Isakki Swamigal and Mata Vibhutananda Puri.

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Mata Vibhutananda Puri

Mata Vibhutananda Puri with Anusuya Ammal

"Brahmāsukhi" (HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam)

Mata Vibhutananda Puri with "Brahmāsukhi" Rajasekaran

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam mastered Vedanta, Tantra and Sri Vidya under Mata Vibhutananda Puri (also called Kuppammal) and His paternal grandmother Anusuya Ammal. He received the title "Brahmāsukhi" through formal initiation from Isakki Swamigal and Mata Vibhutananda Puri.

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Yogi Yogananda Puri (Ragupathi Yogi)

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with Ragupathi Yogi

Mastered the Science of Yoga and Yogic powers such as teleportation, materialisation and levitation under Ragupathi Yogi, also called Yogi Yogananda Puri

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Yogi Yogananda Puri

Teleported conch

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Yogiraj Yogananda Puri teleported this conch and gave it to

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam to demonstrate the spiritual power of

teleportation

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

School register showing the admission

Kanniga Parameshwari School, Tiruvannamalai, Tiruvannamalai, India Which HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam attended from grade 1 to 5. (1982 - 1987)

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Deity of Parashakti and Sri Chakra carved by HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Devi herself gave darshan and Devi birthed herself through HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam as this deity (Archavatara) and the Sri Chakra (approx. 1986 & 1987)

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Sri VDS Jain Higher Secondary School, Tiruvannamalai, India Where HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam passed through grade 6 to 10. (1987 - 1992)

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam attending a Transcendental Meditation session

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam mastered the Science of Transcendental Meditation of Maharshi Mahesh Yogi at a very young age. He is seen here attending a Transcendental Meditation initiation program in Tiruvannamalai, India.

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Narayanasami Pillai

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Mastered Mantra Shastra, Siddha Vaidya, the Science of Aushadha, the Science of Yantras and Alchemy Sciences under Narayanasami Pillai

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Mouna Swami Narayanasami

HBH Nitya

smashivam

Mastered the Science of Nirahara Samyama and Kayakalpa Yoga under Mouna Swami Narayanasami

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Paramahamsa Sivananda

Sri La Sri Sadhu Swamigal (also called Tanjavur Swamigal)

A.Kumarasami

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Mastered Siddha Vidya of Paramahamsa Yogananda from Paramahamsa Sivananda, Tanjavur Swamigal and paternal uncle Kumarasami

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At Rajagopal Polytechnic, Gudiyattam, South india (1992 – 1995) where His Divine Holiness graduated with a First Class Distinction in a Diploma Course in Mechanical Engineering

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Yogi Ramsuratkumar with HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam sitting behind him at an event in Tiruvannamalai on 2 June 1993; (inset) Yogi Ramsuratkumar with HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam on another occasion

Mastered Advaita and Bhakti Yoga under Yogi Ramsuratkumar (also called Visiri Swamigal)

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam experimented with the

Science of Self-enquiry with Sri Sadhu Om Swamigal, a direct disciple of Bhagavan

Ramana Maharishi

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HDH Nityananda Paramashivam explored the Truth of dropping the reactive mind and experiencing Universal Boundaryless Consciousness. with Thinnai Swamigal, a direct disciple of Bhagavan Ramana Maharishi

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Sri Tiruchy Mahaswamigal

Photograph of Devi Rajarajeshwari given to HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam by Tiruchy Mahaswamigal

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam was initiated into the Shakta tradition by Sri Tiruchi Mahaswamigal and blessed with this framed Devi Rajarajeshwari photograph which is still with Him.

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A depiction of Arunagiri Yogishwara with HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Paramashiva and Parashakti themselves came in the form of Arunagiri Yogishwara, taught and gave Him the experience of Paramashiva Jnana and Paramashiva Vijnana (1988)

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Sacred Kavi given to HDH

Nithyananda Paramashivam by

Arunagiri Yogishwara (1989)

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Annamalai Swamigal

The Supreme Pontiff of Hinduism

Mastered the Enlightenment Sciences under Annamalai Swamigal (1989)

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Annamalai Swamigal

The Supreme Pontiff of Hinduism

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Annamalai Swamigal gave this personal diary to HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam where he has handwritten and recorded his personal experiences with his Guru, Ramana Maharishi (1989)

Sri Arunachaleshwarar

Devi Apithakuchambal

Arunagiri Yogishwaara

ARUNACHALA SARVAJNA PEETHAM

Declared as Successor Of Arunachala Sarvajnapeetham, Tiruvannamalai,

by Guru Parampara (Guru lineage)

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Guhai Namachivayar

Seshadri Swamigal

Declared as Successor Of Arunachala Sarvajnapeetham,

Tiruvannamalai, by Guru Parampara (Guru lineage)

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Bhagavan Ramana Maharshi

Annamalai Swamigal

Yogi Ramsuratkumar

ARUNACHALA SARVAJNAPEETHAM

Declared as Successor Of Arunachala Sarvajnapetham, Tiruvannamalai, by Guru Parampara (Guru lineage)

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ARUNACHALA SARVAJNA PEETHAM

Yogi Yogananda Puri

Isakki Swamigal

Mata Vibhutananda Puri

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Declared as successor Of Arunachala Sarvajnapeetham, Tiruvannamalai, by Guru Parampara (Guru lineage)

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Declared successor Of Arunachala Sarvajnapeetham, Tiruvannamalai, by Guru Parampara (Guru lineage). He received the title "Brahmasukhi" through this formal initiation letter from Mata Vibhutananda Puri and Isakki Swamigal.

THONDAIMANDALA AADHEENAM, KANCHI SARVA

Ekambaranathar

Devi Kamakshi

Meikandar Devar

Adi Shankara

Coronated as Guru Maha Sannidhanam (Pontiff) of Thondaimandala Aadheenam, Kanchi Kailaasa Sarvajnapeetham - the oldest monastic university, at the tender age of 10 (in 1988). He was conferred the title “Sri-la-Sri Gnaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal” (1988)

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THONDAIMANIDALA AADHEENAM, KANCHI KAILAASA SARVAJNA PEETHAM

227th Guru

Mahasannidhanam Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal

228th Guru

Mahasannidhanam Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal

229th Guru

Mahasannidhanam Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam coronated as Guru Maha Sannidhanam (Pontiff) of Thondaimandala Aadheenam, Kancheepuram, the oldest monastic university, at the tender age of 10 (in 1988). He was conferred the title “Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal” (1988)

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THONDAIMANDALA AADHEENAM, KANCHI KAILAASA SARVAJNAPEETHAM

230th Guru Mahasannidhanam Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal

231st Guru Mahasannidhanam Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal

232nd Guru Mahasannidhanam Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal

233rd Guru Mahasannidhanam Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal (The SPH JGM HDH Bhagavan Nithyananda Paramashivam)

Coronated as Guru Maha Sannidhanam (Pontiff) of Thondaimandala Aadheenam, Kancheepuram, the oldest monastic university, at the tender age of 10 (in 1988). He was conferred the title “Sri-la-Sri Gnanaprakasha Desika Paramacharya Swamigal”

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HDH Nityananda Paramashivam had formal exposure and training in establishing and running an international Hindu organisation. He ran the publications department in the Sri Ramakrishna mutt in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, in Mylapore, Chennai and Belur, Calcutta (1992 - 1995). He was conferred the title "Brahmachari Rajasekaran Maharaj"

"Brahmachari Rajasekaran Maharaj" (HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam) in the Sri Ramakrishna mutt in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, where He made the deity of Devi by Himself and conducted all the rituals and celebrations for Navaratri by Himself.

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with Swami Ranganathananda and a group of disciples

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with Swami Ranganathananda

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam was initiated by Swami Ranganathananda into the Ramakrishna Sampradaya on 26 Aug 1995. He was conferred the title "Brahmachari Rajasekaran Maharaj"

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Mahavatar Babaji, the eternally living Himalayan Saint gave darshan to HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam, and pronounced the title and name: “Paramahamsa Nithyananda” (1999)

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Recognising Advent of Incarnations In Hinduism Through Nadi Reading

Nadi is an ancient science of Akashic Reading in Hinduism. It was established by Paramashiva in the form of Lord Vaitheeswara (Lord of Healing). These texts are recorded and organised by Agathiya Maharishi. It is an important aspect of recognising the happening of superconscious mutants, incarnations in Hinduism on Planet Earth. This age old science predicts about the advent of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam.

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Recognising the Advent of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam through Nadi Reading

சாலலைநீங்கள் முற்றிலும் கேட்கவேண்டும் சிவபெருமான் உலகம்காக்க நித்யானந்தவருவேல் பலகோடி சித்தர்களின் தவப்பயனால் பரமசிவன் பரமகம்சராய் வந்திருக்கார்

"Nithyananda Sangha - please carefully listen completely to the words, for Siva, has come in the form of Nithyananda to protect this world. As the result of the penance of many crores of Siddhas, Paramashivan has incarnated as Paramahamsa."

The name 'Paramashivam' was added to the name of His Divine Holiness universally declaring it in year 2018. It is to be noted that this is a recording of a 100000 year old manuscript declaring the reincarnation of Paramashiva as Paramahamsa, discovered by the world only in 2010.

Recognising the Advent of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam through Nadi Reading

போதனையால் பாவிகளும் புண்ணியரானார்

பலகோடி மக்களும் நித்யானந்தரை

நித்யானந்த நினைவில் கொண்டு ஆனந்தம்கண்டார்

நித்யானந்தத்தின் உண்மையை கண்டவமக்கள்

"By His teaching even many sinners became virtuous

Many crores people became blissful

Just by thinking about Him, they achieved bliss

The people who have experienced the truth of bliss followed Him."

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Recognising the Advent of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam through Nadi Reading:

ஆகவே உலகுயிர்க்களெல்லாம் அவருயிரே

ஆகிலமக்களெல்லாம் தன் மக்களாக

செகத்குரவாய் சுத்தசிவமாய் சதாசிவமாக

சூர்ய சந்திரனாய் வாழுகின்றார்

"So all the life forms in the world are His life

He considers all the people of the world as His people, His children

He lives as a Jagat guru, as pure Siva, Sadashiva, As the sun and the moon."

The title Jagadguru was officially conferred to His Divine Holiness in 2012 following the coronation as 293rd Guru Mahasanidhanam of Madurai Adheenam.

It is to be noted that this 100000 year old Nadi reading on HDH was discovered in 2010, accurately describing the future title!

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Recognising the Advent of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam through Nadi Reading

வாழ்வுகண்ட பரமகம்சர் தன்மக்களுக்கு வழிவகுத்து தர்மவழி கடைபிடித்தார் தாழ்வில்லா முன்மூர்த்தி தேவர்களும் தவரிசியை சுற்றியே அவதாரத்துள்

"Paramahamsa, who has realized Himself, laid down the way For His people and followed the path of Dharma. No lesser than the Holy Trinity (Brahmā, Vishnu, Shiva) and devas Surrounded the Supreme Rishi and incarnated in Him."

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Recognising the Advent of HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam through Nadi Reading

அவதாரத்துள் ஆனந்ததாண்டவ ஈசனாக அனுதினமும் சதாத்ருணம் மாணிடர்க்கு பாவபிணி போக்கியே புண்ணியகளார்க்கி பாமகம்ச இறைகாட்சி அன்மாதெளிவ

"As the blissfully dancing Isha (Shiva) in the Incarnation

Each day, every moment for humanity

Removed the disease of sins and made them virtuous

By showing Divine Darshan and Knowledge of Self"

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Founded: The mission Nithyananda Sangha at the completion of age 21 (on Dec 31, 1999) – to Revive the Enlightened Civilization

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Prana Prathishta (infusing life-energy) of Devi Rajarajeshwari, along with Chandi Homa, by HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam was done after founding the Nithyananda Sangha, at the Raja Rajeshwari Temple in Tiruvannamalai, India (7 Nov, 2000)

APRIL 14th 2001

Inaugurated Ramakrishna Dhyanapeetham, Tiruchengode Aadheenam, Tamil Nadu at the age of 23 (on 14th April, 2001)

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Inaugurated Ramakrishna Dhyanapeetham, Tiruchengode Aadheenam, Tamil Nadu at the age of 23 (on 14th April, 2001)

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Ananda Spurana Programs (ASP)

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has personally conducted more than 300 Ananda Spurana Programs (ASP) across the globe. It is a two-day program with powerful meditation techniques to cleanse the 7 energy centres or chakras. (Launched: 18 Oct 2002, Bengaluru, India)

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4 Nov 2002 - Founded Adi Kailaasa Sarvajnapeetham, Bengaluru at age 24 -

Stone laying ceremony on 4th Nov, 2002.

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Adi Kailaasa Peetharoganam- Devotees gathered to pay respects to HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam on the inauguration day, and offered Pada Puja at His feet (1st Jan 2003)

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Inaugurated Adi Kailaasa Sarvajnapeetham, Bengaluru at

Age 25 - 1st Jan 2003

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1 Jan 2003, Age 25 - Inauguration ceremony of headquarters -

ADI KAILASA South India

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Inaugurated Adi Kailaasa Sarvajnapeetham, Bengaluru at

Age 24 - 5th Jan 2003

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with His Holiness Sri Tiruchi Mahaswamigal

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with Sri Balagangadharanatha Swami

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with Jagadguru Sri Shivarathri Deshikendra Mahaswamiji

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with Sri Sri Sri Shivakumar Swami

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with His Holiness Sri Sri Shivapuri Mahaswami

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam with Sri Sri Sri Dr. Shanthaveera Mahaswamiji

HDH was supported and blessed by the pontiffs of various mutts in Karnataka for the establishment of Adi Kailaasa Sarvajnapeetam.

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Founded Adi Kailaasa Sarvajnapeetham, Bengaluru at age 24 (4th Nov. 2002).

The sacred Banyan Tree in Adi Kailaasa Sarvajnapeetham is directly from Kailaasa, the abode of Paramashiva.

Under this banyan tree, Paramashiva taught Agama to Devi and the Saptarishis. Lord Rama came and stayed here, and Paramashiva revealed the Vedas and Agamas to Sri Rama as well.

Then, Sri Rama revealed the Mukthikopanishad to Hanuman under the same banyan tree. It has existed here since time immemorial.

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This Svayambu Linga (self-manifested deity) is Paramashiva Himself manifested, and thousands of years ago, Devi Herself worshipped it. It has existed here since time immemorial.

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam installed deities of Paramashiva and Parashakti in the form of Nithyanandeshwara and Nithyanandeshwari as the chief deities of this Sarvajnapetham.

ADI KAILAASA SARVAJNA PEETHAM, BENGALURU

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam establisher of

1000+ Kailaasa Enlightenment ecosystems

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Nithyananda Spurana Programs (NSP)

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has personally conducted more than 200 Nithyananda Spurana Programs (NSP) across the globe. This is a four-day program teaching meditation techniques to cleanse the seven subtle layers in a human being. (Launched: 14 Feb 2004, San Jose, USA)

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Shakti Spurana Programs (SSP)

HDH Nityananda Paramashivam conducted the powerful Shakti Spurana Programs (SSP), in India and abroad, where the participants experience the various states of Consciousness through powerful initiations.

(Launched: 16 May 2004, Chennai, India)

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SRIPURA SARVAJNAPEETHAM

Shirdi Sai Baba

Sathya Sai Baba

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam

Declared as Successor of Bhagyanagara, Sripura Sarvajnapeetham (2004)

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Formally coronated HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam as Successor of Bhagyanagara, Sripura Sarvajnapeetham (on 12th June, 2004)

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Bhagavan Sri Satya Sai Baba built the Sripura Sarvajnapeetham exactly where the civilisation created by Devi had originally existed thousands of years ago. He materialised the same Anmartha puja murthy (deity of personal worship) of Sripura Sarvajnapeetham and built the temple of Devi Parashakti, and gave it to HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam. He performed a formal Pattabhishekam (crowning ceremony) to HDH as a successor of Sripura Sarvajnapeetham.

SRIPURA SARVAJNAPEETHAM, HYDERABAD

Founder & Reviver of Over 100 Sarvajnapeethas

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HDH Nityananda Paramashivam graces a devotee's home space.

HDH Nityananda Paramashivam with cine star Rajnikanth

and his wife, Latha Rajnikanth

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Complete control over all brain function detected through PET SCAN

In 2004, Brain research conducted Dr Murali Krishna, Integris Health, Oklahoma USA, on HDH in Oklahoma;

Results using Positron Emmission Tomogaphy revealed:

HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam could activate his brain at will, to the extent of shutting down 90% of activity

He was in complete control of his brainwaves. (08 March 2004)

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STUDY #1: IMAGING BRAIN ACTIVITY THROUGH PET SCANS

A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) device was used to measure and study the brain activity happening in HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam's in different states of Consciousness. The objective of the study was to identify highly active areas of the brain in alert conscious state, in the early stages of meditation and during deep meditation. (08 March 2004)

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam exhibited a supernormal brain with lower portion of the

mesial frontal brain lighting up, revealing the ‘Third Eye’ opening during deep meditation with

90% of the brain in shut down state! He was seen to have complete conscious control over

His brain activity, orchestrating the 10,000 neurons constituting the five brainwaves

effortlessly! (08 March 2004)

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SN: FDG PET Scan: Brain: Transaxial Sections: Vertex to base

Time of injection: 30 mins into deep meditation

The Oklahoma PET Center @ Deaconess, Oklahoma City 73112

White arrows: reduction in glucose uptake.

Red arrows: increased FDG uptake Operculum and deep temporal cortex & mesial frontal cortex.

SN: FDG PET Scan: (Transaxial Views: Vertex to base

Time of injection: Non meditative - awake eyes closed

Findings: Relative normal uptake FDG Rt & Lt Cerebral Cortex

Red arrows: show continued uptake Sup temporal cortex/Operculum & relative decrease in mesial frontal uptake

SN: FDG PET Scan: (Transaxial Views: Vertex to base

Time of injection: 60 mins into deep meditation

The Oklahoma PET Center @ Deaconess, Oklahoma City 73112

White arrows: areas of reduced FDG uptake - left cerebral cortex

Red arrows: areas of increased FDG uptake Operculum, Rt & Lt sup Temporal cortex & mesial frontal cortex

SN: FDG PET Scan: Brain: Transaxial Views: Vertex to base

Time of injection: 60 mins into deep meditation

The Oklahoma PET Center @ Deaconess, Oklahoma City 73112

White arrows: areas of reduced FDG uptake - left cerebral cortex

Red arrows: areas of increased FDG uptake Operculum, Rt & Lt sup Temporal cortex & mesial frontal cortex,

The Third Eye being the intra-organ and seat of

enlightenment within the human body, it is the

portal through which the human being connects

to The Source, Paramashiva. This study shows

a level of physical confirmation of the existence

of the Third Eye, a fact that many have been

questioned over the years. Dr. Murali Krishna

called this area of the brain the "D-Spot". Till

date, HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has

been the only one to have been studied in this

manner, and shown physical evidence for the

existence of the Third Eye.(08 March 2004)

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SN: FDG PET Scan: Transaxial Views: Vertex to base

Time of injection: Non meditative - awake - eyes closed

Findings: Relative normal uptake FDG Rt & Lt Cerebral Cortex,

Red arrows: show continued uptake Sup temporal cortex/Operculum &

relative decrease in mesial frontal uptake.

SN: FDG PET Scan Brain: Transaxial Views: Vertex to base

Time of injection: 60 mins into deep meditation

The Oklahoma PET Center @ Deaconess, Oklahoma City 73112

White arrows: areas of reduced FDG uptake - left cerebral cortex

Red arrows: areas of increased FDG uptake Operculum, Rt & Lt sup

Temporal cortex & mesial frontal cortex,

SN: FDG PET Scan Brain: Transaxial Views: Vertex to base

Time of injection: 60 mins into deep meditation

The Oklahoma PET Center @ Deaconess, Oklahoma City 73112

White arrows: areas of reduced FDG uptake - left cerebral cortex

Red arrows: areas of increased FDG uptake Operculum, Rt & Lt sup

Temporal cortex & mesial frontal cortex,

Complete control over brain waves as measured by QEEG

Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG). This measures the electrical activity within the brain, called brain waves. Four different bandwidths of such waves exist, each corresponding to the four different states of mind given as per Hindu scriptures - Jagrith (wakefulness or alertness), Sushupti (Dream-state), Turiya and Turiyatheetha (higher states of consciousness, states of restful awareness). (08 March 2004)

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Complete control over brain waves as measured by QEEG

In 2004 The research team from Integris in Oklahoma used QEEG technology to monitor brain activity in HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam.

Results: He was able to activate and quieten any part of the brain at will. He was easily able to slip from one state to another, with no delays or hesitations. It was simply fluid shifts from one type of brainwave to the other. (08 March 2004)

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STUDY #2: MEASURING BRAIN WAVES

In the words of Dr. Murali Krishna, “HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam is a bridge between the invisible, ancient world of mysticism and the modern, visible world of science and discovery.” (08 March 2004)

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Sanyas Deeksha Mahotsav - 2nd July 2004 Guru Purnima

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17 August 2004 / Proclamation Message / Governor of Ohio / USA

Special Envoy to Governor of Ohio Mr.Bob Taft, presented the Governor's proclamation message in honor of Bhagawan Sri Nithyananda Paramashivam in Columbus, Ohio, USA.

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HDH Nityananda Paramashivam has initiated the masses into enlightenment through His powerful discourses, initiations, darshans and mass feeding

6th to 12th October, 2004 in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu

'Kadavai thira katru varattum' series titled 'Ramanarin Atma Vithai' and Ananda Spurana Program (ASP)

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has initiated the masses into enlightenment through His powerful discourses, initiations, darshans and mass feeding

13th to 19th October, 2004 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu

'Ingeye! Ippozhude! Idileyye! (Here and Now!) satsang

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has initiated the masses into enlightenment

through His powerful discourses, initiations, darshans and mass feeding

28th to 29th October, 2004, in Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu

'Kadavai thira katru varattum' satsang

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has initiated the masses into enlightenment through His powerful discourses, initiations, darshans and mass feeding

2nd - 4th November, 2004 in Pudukottai and Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu.

'Vinayagar Agaval' Satsang and Shakti Spurana Program (SSP)

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has initiated the masses into enlightenment through His powerful discourses, initiations, darshans and mass feeding

12th November, 2004 in Attur, Tamil Nadu.

'Kadavai thira katru varattum' series

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HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam has initiated the masses into enlightenment through His powerful discourses, initiations, darshans and mass feeding

1st to 12th December, 2004 in Salem, Tamil Nadu.

'Kadavai thira katru varattum' series

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Bhagavan Paramashiva

Bhagavān Śrī Paramaśiva (परमशिव) is the primordial Divinity (Bhagavān) in Hinduism.

Śrī Paramaśiva is the Ultimate Reality and Cause, which is self-effulgent (svayamprakaśa), All-pervading, unchanging beyond time, space, form and causality.

He is Eternal (nitya), Absolute imperishable source (aparināmi avyayam) of all that is. Paramaśiva, the Pure Consciousness (caitanya) is the Cosmic Principle of Śuddhādvaita, the Pure Oneness, who out of His own Will (iccha śakti) descends with His Cosmic Power, Paraśakti, as the Subjective Cosmos, as the ‘Avatar or Incarnation’ to celebrate His existence, to protect, govern, revive and expand the Supreme Sovereignty of the worlds and its living beings, ordaining the Cosmic Constitution.

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Krunashini Devi - Kuladevata (main deity worshipped by a clan) of the Surangi Royal Lineage

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Surangi kingdom is the Kingdom in which Incarnations descend as Kings. Surangi Samrajyam is called as “Devarajya Sampradaya”. Here kings are worshipped as Gods and Gods descend as Kings

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Surya Dev

Surya (also known as Aditya) is the Sun God. He is the Supreme Soul who brings light and warmth to the world.

Each day he travels across the sky in his golden chariot pulled by seven horses and driven by red Aruna, a personification of the reddish glow of the rising Sun.

The God's most famous temple is at Konark in Orissa, north-east India but he is worshipped across the Indian subcontinent.

Surya is known by many alternate names which include Savitr (the Nourisher), Bhaskara (Light-maker), Dinakara (Day-maker), Lokacaksuh (Eye of the World), Graharaja (King of the Constellations), and Sahasra-kirana (Of a 1,000 rays).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Vaivasvata Manu

Vaivasvata Manu is known as the first human being and King of all mankind.

According to Hindu cosmology, there are 14 Manvantaras (literally meaning the duration of a Manu, or his life span.) Each Manvantara is created and ruled by a specific Manu, who in turn is created by Brahma, the deity of Creation.

Manu creates the world and all its species during that period of time. Each Manvantara lasts the lifetime of a Manu, upon whose death, Brahma creates another Manu to continue the cycle of Creation or Srishti.

Manu is the author of The Manusmriti, also called Manava-dharma-shastra (“The Dharma Text of Manu”), which is the most authoritative of the books of the Hindu code (Dharma-shastra, like

Vaivasvata Manu was the firsta law book). person to codify the Cosmic laws of the Universe into the governing laws of a Country.

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The Sūrya Vamśa lineage Till Bhagavan Śrī Rāma

1. Ikṣvāku

2. Kukshi/Vikukshi

3. Kakutstha/ Puranjaya

4. Anena or Anaranya

5. Prithu

6. Vishvagashva

7. Ardra or Chandra

8. Yuvanashva I

9. Shravast

10. Vrihadashva

11. Kuvalashva

12. Dridhashva

13. Pramod

14. Haryashva I

15. Nikumbh

16. Santashva

17. Krishashva

18. Prasenjit I

19. Yuvanashva II

20. Mandhatri

21. Purukutsa

22. Trasadasyu

23. Sambhoot

24. Anaranya II

25. Trashdashva

26. Haryashva II

27. Vasuman

28. Tridhanva

29. Tryyaruna

30. Satyavrata/Trishanku

31. Harishchandra

32. Rishi Vishwamitra and then Rohitashva

33. Harita

34. Chenchu

35. Vijay

36. Rusak

37. Vrika

38. Bahu or Asit

39. Sagara

40. Asmanjasa

41. Anshuman

42. Dileepa I

43. Bhagiratha

44. Shrut

45. Nabhag

46. Ambarish

47. Sindhu Dweep

48. Pratayu

49. Shrutuparna

50. Sarvakama

51. Sudaas

52. Mitrasah

53. Sarvakama II

54. Ananaranya III

55. Nighna

56. Animitra

57. Duliduh

58. Dileepa II

59. Raghu II

60. Aja

61. Dasaratha

62. Rāma

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Kings after Rāma and after the great war of Mahābhārata

Kings After Rāma

63. Lava and Kusha

64. Atithi

65. Nishadha

66. Nala

67. Nabhas

68. Pundarika

69. Kshemaadhanvan

70. Devanika

71. Ahinagu

72. Roop

73. Rudra

74. Paripatra

75. Dala/ Balasthala

76. Chhal (or Anal)

77. Ukya

78. Vajranabha

79. Avalash

80. Vyushitashva

81. Vishvasaha-2

82. Hiranayanabha

83. Pushya

84. Dhruvasandhi

85. Sudarshana-2

86. Agnivatna two

87. Shigra

88. Maru-2

89. Prashruta

90. Susandhi

91. Amarshana

92. Mahasvan

93. Vishwasahav

94. Prasenjit-1

95. Takshaka

96. Brihadbala

Kings After Mahābhārat

97. Brihatkshaya

98. Urukriya

99. Vatsavyuha

100. Prativyoma

101. Bhaanu

102. Divakara

103. Veer Sahadeva

104. BrihadasHva-2

105. Bhanuratha

106. Pratitashva

107. Supratika

108. Marudeva

109. Sunakshatra

110. Pushkara

111. Antariksha

112. Suvarna

113. Sumitra

114. Bruhadaraaj

115. Barhi

116. Kritanjaya

117. Ranajjaya

118. Sanjaya

119. Shakya

120. Śuddhodana

121. Siddhartha

(Gautama Buddha)

122. Rāhula

123. Prasenajit

124. Kshudraka

125. Ranaka

126. Suratha

127. Sumitra

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

1. Raja DINABANDHU Harishchandra Jagdev

2. Raja KESHAB RAJ Harishchandra Jagdev (1697-1715)

3. Raja MUKUND Harishchandra Jagdev

4. Raja KISHORE CHANDRA Chandra Harishchandra Jagdev (1876-1931)

5. Raja CHANDRACHUDA MANI Harishchandra Jagdev

6. Raja PURNA CHANDRA Deo Harishchandra Jagadev (1904-1933)

7. Raja KIRTI CHANDRA Deo Harishchandra Jagadev (1933-1993)

8. Raja HRUDAYA CHANDRA Deo Harishchandra Jagadev (1996-2004)

9. Rajasekara Arunachalam Anamalai Bhagavan Nityananda Paramashivam Chandradeo Harishchandra Jagadev (2005-present)

Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Ikshvaku

Once, Shradhadev Manu sneezed violently. From his nostrils, a son was born. He was named Ikshvaku. Thus, Ikshvaku is the grandson of Vivasvan or Surya and the son of Vaivasvata Manu.

He was the first prince of this lineage and eventually ruled from the Kosala Kingdom, today known as Awadh in the state of Uttar Pradesh along the banks of river Sarayu with Saketa - present-day Ayodhya, as the capital.

Ikshvaku is the first king who executed the Manusmriti or the laws of Hindu living which were composed by his father Manu. He ruled as Monarch at the beginning of the Satya Yuga - the first quarter of Time and the Golden age period.

According to the Vishnu Purana, he had a hundred sons.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Lord Yama

Yama is the Hindu God of death, king of all ancestors, and final judge on the destination of souls. Yama or Yamaraja, is also known as the ‘Restrainer’, Pretaraja or ‘King of Ghosts’, Dharmaraja or ‘King of Justice’, and as Daksinasapati is considered the regent of the South Quarter.

He is responsible for good decision-making based on records of a person’s deeds.

In the Vedas, Yama is said to have been the first mortal who died. By virtue of precedence, he became the ruler of the departed, and is called “Lord of the Pitrs (all ancestors)”.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Vena and his son, Prithu

Vena was a great king. However, he became evil and corrupt. The world became so gloomy and dark that the Earth-Goddess Bhooma Devi decided that she would not provide crops to humans anymore.

She took the form of a cow and went into hiding. Meanwhile, a group of Rishis killed Vena out of anger. They then rubbed the thigh of his corpse, and took out all the evil from his body. Afterwards they rubbed Vena's arm, and the good Prithu emerged.

Prithu was Vishnu incarnate, and as soon as he was born, Vishnu's Sharanga (bow) fell from heaven into his hands. However, Bhuma Devi still refused to give crops to people. But she finally yielded to Prithu, but in return Prithu was to be her eternal guardian. This is why Bhuma Devi is also known as Prithvi.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Yuvanashva I

King Yuvanashva was unable to have sons, and out of compassion, the sages in his kingdom decided to perform an Indra-Yajna (fire ritual) to enable him to have a son. However, out of thirst, he drank the sanctified water from the yajna which was intended for his wife.

Thereafter, in due course of time, a son came out of the lower right side of Yuvanashva's abdomen. When the baby cried loudly for breast-milk, the brahmanas anxiously wondered, "Who will take care of this poor child?"

Just then, Indra, who had been worshiped in the sacrifice, appeared, and after pacifying the baby, he put his index finger into its mouth and said, "You may drink me." By the mercy of the brahmanas, King Yuvanashva did not die after giving birth to the child. Thereafter, he performed very severe austerities at that place, and ultimately achieved liberation.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Mandhatri

Mandhata was born from His Father's abdomen, and when he was born, the sages were at a loss as to who should feed him. Indra, King of the Gods declared "He shall draw sustenance and descendance from me".

Indra provided milk from the heaven to Manadhata. The milk began to accelerate the boy's growth. Within twelve days, he resembled a twelve-year-old boy who was thirteen cubits tall. Mandhata spontaneously acquired the entire knowledge of the Vedas and military sciences.

Mandhata acquired an impenetrable armour, a quiver with an inexhaustible supply of arrows and the Ajagava bow (originally belonging to Shiva) which fell from the sky. Mandhata ascended the throne.

The son of Yuvanashva was named Mandhata, and because he was the cause of fear for Ravana and other miscreants, Indra also gave him the name Trasadasyu.

Mandhata became so powerful that he became emperor of the entire earth, consisting of seven islands.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Trishanku

Upon his arrival in heaven, the Devas were alarmed by this unnatural occurrence. Led by Indra, they refused to permit Trishanku to enter, and tossed him out. Trishanku began falling back to earth. In the course of a fight between Vishwamitra and the Devas, Vishwamitra created a new heaven for Trishanku. Alarmed, the Devas requested Vishwamitra that a mortal body ascending to heaven is unnatural, and that they only wished to prevent that. Vishwamitra acceded, but could not go back on his word to Trishanku.

Thus, he declared that the new heaven shall be called Trishanku's heaven and the king shall reside in this heaven from then on. He shall not supersede the command of Indra by ruling his own heaven, and to ensure that, the king shall reside upside down in his heaven.

Since he had lived a righteous life, Satyavrata's soul deserved ascension to the heavens, but he wished to do so with his mortal body and requested his Guru Vasishtha to perform the needful rites to achieve this goal. The yajnas (fire rituals) began and with the ascetic powers of the sage, the former King Trishanku started ascending to heaven.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Raja Harishchandra

The king asked him what he wanted. In response, Vishwamitra said "Give me all that you have except yourself, your wife and your child." As he readied to leave his palace with his family, Vishwamitra demanded another donation. Harishchandra said that he did not have any possession left, but promised to make another donation within a month.

In order to repay the sage, he sold even his wife and child to an elderly man, and gave this money to Vishwamitra. However, the sage was unhappy with the donation and demanded more.

Harishchandra then decided to sell himself to the sage, who in turn sold him to a chandala (a low frequency being) for gold. He worked on a cremation ground and one day his son died of a snake bite.

Once, Lord Vighnaraja (lord of obstacles) entered the body of Harishchandra, and started abusing sage Vishwamitra. This disturbed Vishwamitra's tapasya (penance), and destroyed all the knowledge that the sage had acquired during this tapasya.

As Harishchandra began to prepare to pay the fee for cremating his son, the deity of Dharma, with Vishwamitra appeared before him and praised him for his integrity, inviting him to heaven. Harishchandra takes all the people of his kingdom and ascends to heaven.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Sagara

However, Indra, the lord of Heaven, stole the horse of King Sagara and left it at the ashram of sage Kapila in Patala Loka - nether world!

Sagara deputed his sixty thousand sons to go in search of it and bring it back! They discerned a cave in the northwest and a sage sitting in deep samadhi totally oblivious of his surroundings.

To their pleasant shock and surprise, they saw the horse in pursuit of which they had travelled tirelessly and in despair! They mistook the sage for a thief who had stolen the horse! The sage was Kapila, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu himself! The moment he opened his eyes, all the sixty thousand sons of Sagara were reduced to a heap of ashes on account of the tremendous power of his tapas (penance)!

Sagara was the 39th king in the Suryavamśa lineage. He wanted to perform the Aswamedha Yajna (fire ritual) to assert his supremacy in the kingdom.

King Sagara was In a dilemma. Finally, his grandson Amsumatha pacified sage Kapila and brought back a horse, thereby completing the yajna.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Bhagiratha

Bhagiratha was a king of the Ikshvaku dynasty who brought the River Ganges, as the river goddess Ganga, to Earth from the heavens.

When he became prince of Sagara Dynasty, learning the awful end of his forefathers, who were unable to attain region of gods, with a sorrowful heart made over his kingly duties to his minister, and went for practicing austerities to Himalayas.

He did penance for a thousand years on the advice of his guru Trithala, to please Ganga, to gain the release of his 60,000 great-uncles from the curse of saint Kapila. Ganga told him if she will descend from the sky to the earth, the force of her fall will be difficult to sustain.

She asked him to obtain the favour from Paramashiva, as no one except Him wii be able to sustain her. He then did severe penance for Paramashiva and requested Him such. Paramashiva granted him the boon, which eventually led to descent of the Goddess Ganga in the form of the river Ganges, to the earth, filling the sea.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Ambarisha

Ambarisha was the 46th king in the Suryavamsa lineage. He performed a yaga (yajna) with such great devotional fervour that Lord Vishnu was pleased to bless him with the Sudarshana Chakra (sacred discuss-weapon). Once, he performed a fast.

The sage Durvasa agreed to the king's request to be his honoured guest, and asked the king to wait until he finished his bath in the river and returned.

As the auspicious moment approached when the king had to break his fast to fulfil the vow of the vrata, Durvasa did not turn up. The king broke his fast by taking a Tulasi leaf with water, and waited for the arrival of sage Durvasa to offer him food.

Durvasa was enraged, and created a demon to kill Ambarisha, out of a strand of his hair. Lord Narayana's Sudarshana intervened, destroyed the demon and started chasing Durvasa himself. Finally, Durvasa went to Ambarisha, who prayed to Lord Vishnu to recall the Sudarsana and save Durvasa.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Kalmashapada

King Kalmashapada was the 52nd king in the Suryavamsa lineage. While walking in the forest, he saw Sage Saktri, the eldest of the hundred sons of Sage Vasishta, coming from the opposite side. He did not move aside for the Brahmin as was customary.

Instead, the king struck the sage with a whip. The sage cursed him to become a demon, a rakshasa.

Seeing this, sage Viswamitra commanded a Rakshasa to enter the body of Kalmashapada.

Then, a hungry Brahmin met him in the forest and begged him to give him some food. The king gave him some food including human flesh. He was cursed again by the Brahmana. Sometime after this, the king met Saktri and told him, "Because you cursed me to become a cannibal, I will practice my cannibalism on you by devouring you."

He then killed Saktri and ate him up, like a tiger eating an animal it had killed. However, after much agony, Vashishta decided to free Kalmashapada from the clutches of the rakshasa and restored him to his kingdom.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Anaranya

King Anaranya was the 54th King in the Suryavamsa lineage. According to the Ramayana, many kings submitted to the Asura King of Lanka, Ravana, without fighting, but when Anaranya was challenged and summoned to submit, he chose to fight.

He along with his army was defeated, and he was thrown away from his chariot.

He cursed Ravana that one day lord Vishnu will take form as the prince of Ayodhya and will kill him and he died.

Ravana put his foot on the prostrate body of Anaranya, and at this point the defeated king retorted that he had been beaten by fate, not by Ravana, and predicted the death of Ravana at the hands of Rama, a descendant of Anaranya.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Raghu

King Raghu, a prominent king from the Suryavamsa lineage was called the fast one, due to his chariot-driving abilities.

So celebrated were the exploits of Raghu, that his dynasty itself came to be known as the Raghuvamsha or the Raghu-kula after him.

Later, he performed Vishwajit Yajna (a powerful fire ritual) and gave all his wealth as Dāna (charity). When he asked sage Kautsa what to give him, he replied "your Seva (service) would suffice". Kautsa became furious when Raghu persisted repeatedly and said to him, "having learnt 14 Vidyas from me, you must give me 14 koti gold coins as Guru-Dakshina". Raghu, being a man of his words, asked him to rest in his palace and assured him of giving the Guru-Dakshina within a day.

Raghu commanded his army to gear up for invasion of Loka of Kubera the following morning. When he was heading towards the Kubera Loka, his treasurer came to him and told him that Kubera, by the virtue of fear of Raghu, rained gold coins the previous night. Hence, Raghu gave those gold coins as Guru-Dakshina to Sage Kautsa and fulfilled his word.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Dasharatha

Dasharatha was a descendant of the Raghuvansha-Ikshvaku-Suryavansha dynasty and the Maharaja of Ayodhya as mentioned in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana.

Dasharatha was the son of Aja and Indumati. He had three wives: Kausalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra and out of the union bore Rama (the incarnation of Vishnu and main figure in the Ramayana), Bharatha, Lakshmana, Shatrughna. King Dasarath was incarnation of Dronavasu Bramin.

Dasharatha performed a special putrakameshti yajna (powerful fire ritual) to beget sons, as all three of his wives were unable to bear children. Through the yajna were born Lord Rama to his eldest wife, Kausalya, Bharata to his second wife Kaikeyi, and Lakshmana and Shatrughana to Sumitra.

Due to previously promised boons to Kaikeyí, Dasharatha is obliged to fulfil her wish for her son Bharata to be King, and for Lord Rama to be banished from the kingdom..

Dasharatha is extremely distraught at having to banish his son, but being a man of his word, agrees to his wife's request. The turn of events during a period of 14 years see Rama crowned as King of Ayodhya.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Lord Rama

Lord Rama, or Ramachandra is a much worshipped Incarnation and deity of Hinduism. He is the seventh avatar (incarnation) of the Lord Vishnu, one of his most popular incarnations along with Sri Krishna and Gautama Buddha.

He is the most revered, worshipped, and well-known deity in Hinduism. The epic called Ramayana revolves around the events from Lord Rama's life which led to His defeat of the greatest asura king alive at the time, named Ravana.

Ravana, the king of Lanka, kidnapped Sri Rama's consort, Sita. In pursuit of his wife, Lord Rama gathered a large army and defeated Ravana.

Rama is known as the embodiment of the purest dharma and chastity to his principles.

He was exiled from his kingdom due to a request from his stepmother, Kaikeyi, who wanted her own son Bharata to ascend the throne. Rama, his consort Sita, and brother Lakshmana spent 14 years in exile before returning to the kingdom of Ayodhya.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Lava and Kusha

Lava and Kusha were the twin sons of Lord Rama and Sita. Sita was banished to the forest, as her purity was in question, and adhering to the Dharma of the kingdom, Lord Rama sent her away.

She gave birth to Lava and Kusha in the ashram of Valmiki in Avani, where Lava and Kusha grew up.

These sons grew up to be like their father resembling him in valor, beauty, and all the inspirational qualities. Maharshi Valmiki raised them as though they were his own sons. He taught them all the Vedic knowledge.

Lord Rama performed an Ashwamedha Yaga (powerful fire ritual), where horses roamed around the entire country, and any king would capture the horses. When the horses returned to Ayodhya, Lava tied the horse to a tree. Together, Lava and Kusha defeated Shatrughna, Lakshmana, Bharata, Hanuman and Jambavan - all the mightiest warriors in Ayodhya.

Sri Ram then came to know that these were his own sons, and took them back to Ayodhya to ascend the throne after him.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Gautama Buddha

Gautama Buddha, also called the Shakya­muni Buddha was born into the Shakya clan, a community in the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 5th century BCE. The Buddhist text, Buddhavaṃsa and Mahavaṃsa (II, 1–24) traces the origin of the Shak­yas to king Okkaka (Pali equivalent to Sanskrit Ikshvaku).

He was born to a Hindu Kshatriya family, the son of Śuddhodana - a hereditary monarch and descendant of the Suryavansha (Solar dynasty) of Ikṣvāku. Gautama Buddha was the 140th King of the Suryavaṃsa.

At the age of 29, Gautama Buddha left his palace to meet his subjects. Touched by the human conditions that he saw, he started a deep spiritual quest.

At 35, while seated under a Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India, he attained enlightenment. He travelled far and wide and taught the Science of Realising The Truth through three teachings: The Three Universal Truths, The Four Noble Truths, and The Noble Eightfold Path. He left the body at 80. His teachings were absorbed into what is today called Buddhism.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

AJITANATHA

Ajitnatha (literally meaning invincible) was the second Tirthankara of the present age - Avasarpini (descending half of the Cosmic Time Cycle) according to Jainism. He was born to King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at Ayodhya in the Ikshvaku dynasty. According to Jain history, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of his karma (unfulfilled actions and its consequences).

Ajinatha is associated with his Elephant emblem and Sapta-parna tree.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

SAMBHAVANATHA

Sambhavanatha was the third Jain Tirthankara (omniscient teaching God) of the present Cosmic Cycle of Time (Avasarpini). Sambhavanatha was born to King Jitāri and Queen Sena at Sravasti. His birth date was the fourteenth day of the Margshrshe shukla month of the Indian calendar. Like all Arihants (omniscient beings), Sambhavanatha at the end of his life destroyed all associated karmas (one’s unfulfilled actions and their consequences) and attained moksha (liberation).

Sambhavanatha is associated with the Horse emblem, Sala tree, Trimukha (three-faced) Yaksha and Prajnapthi & Duritari Yakshis (guardian deities).

According to the Jain text Uttarapurāna, Sambhavanatha possessed three types of knowledge from birth.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

SUMATINATHA

Sumatinatha was the fifth Jain Tirthankara of the present Cosmic Cycle of Time (Avasarpini). Sumatinatha was born to Kshatriya King Megha (Meghrabha) and Queen Mangala (Sumangala) at Ayodhya in the Ikshvaku dynasty. His Janma Kalyanak (birthday) was the eighth day of the Vaisakha Sudi month of the Jain calendar.

He attained Kevala Jnana (enlightened) under the Sala or Priyangu tree. According to Jain history, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of his karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences). Lord Sumithanatha is associated with the Heron (Krauncha) emblem, Priyangu tree, Tumburu (Purushatta) Yaksha and Mahakala Yakshi (guardian deities).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

PADMAPRABHA

Padmaprabha, also known as Padmaprabhu, was the sixth Jain Tirthankara of the present Cosmic Cycle of Time (Avsarpini). According to Jain history, he became a Siddha – a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences).

In the Jain tradition, Padmaprabha was born to King Shridhar and Queen Susimadevi in the Ikshvaku dynasty at Kausambi which is in today's Uttar Pradesh, India. Padmaprabha means 'bright as a red lotus' in Sanskrit. It is said in Śvetāmbara sources that his mother had a fancy for a couch of red lotuses - padma - while he was in her womb.

His birth date was the twelfth day of the Kartik krishna month of the Indian calendar. On the eleventh day of the dark half of the month of Margashirsh, Bhagavan Padmaprabha, along with other 308 saints was liberated and attained moksha on Sammet Shikhar (mountain).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

SUPARSHVANATHA

Suparśvanātha was the seventh Jain Tirthankara of the present Cosmic Cycle of Time (avasarpini). He was born to King Pratistha and Queen Prithvi at Varanasi on 12 Jestha Shukla in the Ikshvaku clan. He is said to have attained moksha at Śikharji on the sixth day of the dark half of the month of Phālguna.

There is a temple dedicated to Suparshvanatha built in Bhadaini, Varanasi to commemorate the birth of Suparshvanatha. Nine months before his birth, Queen Prithivī dreamt the sixteen most auspicious dreams.

Suparśvanatha was married and ruled after his father King Pratistha. He conducted affairs in state and looked after well being of individual.

When he observed tree leaves falling and flower wilting, he renounced his worldly life. He gave his kingdom to his son and became a Jain ascetic. After 9 months he obtained Kevala Jnana (Omniscience).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

CHANDRAPRABHA

In Jainism, Chandraprabha was the eighth Tirthankara of Avasarpini (present latter half cycle of time as per Jain Cosmology). Chandraprabhu was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at Chandrapuri to the Ikshvaku dynasty. According to Jain texts, his birth–date was the twelfth day of the Posh Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He is said to have become a Siddha, i.e. soul at its purest form or a liberated soul.

Nine months before the birth of Chandraprabha, Queen Lakshmana Devi dreamt the sixteen most auspicious dreams. Chandraprabha spent 2½ lakh purva as youth (kumara kala) and ruled His kingdom for 6.5 lakh purva and 24 purvanga (rajya kāla). During his rule, Chandraprabhu was apathetic towards the ordinary delights and princely grandeur.

He renounced his worldly life soon after his ascension to throne and after 3 months he obtained Kevala Jnana (Omniscience).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

PUṢPADANTA

In Jainism, Puṣpadanta, also known as Suvidhinatha, was the ninth Tirthankara of the present Cosmic age (Avasarpini). He became a Siddha and an Arihant, a liberated soul that has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences).

Puṣpadanta was born to King Sugriva and Queen Rama at Kakandi (modern Khukhundoo, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh) to the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth date was the fifth day of the Margshhrsha Krishna month of the Vikram Samvat.

Puṣpadanta was the ninth Tirthankara who re-established the four-part sangha (community) in the tradition started by Rishabhanatha. Pushpadanta is associated with Alligator emblem, Malli tree, Ajita Yaksha and Mahakali (Dig.) & Sutaraka (Svet.) Yakshis (Guardian deities).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

SHITALANATHA

Shitalanatha was the tenth Jain Tirthankara of the present age according to Jainism. According to Jain history he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences). As per Jain history, Shitalanatha was born to King Dradhrath and Queen Nanda at Bhaddilpur into the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth date was the twelfth day of the Magha Krishna month of the Indian national calendar.

Shitalanatha is associated with Svastika (Dig.) / Srivatasa (Svet.) emblem, Pilurikha tree, Brahma Yaksha and Manavi (Dig.) & Ashoka (Svet.) Yakshi (Guardian deities).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

SHREYANSANATHA

Shreyansanatha was the eleventh Jain Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini). According to Jain history, he became a Siddha - a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences).

Shreyansanatha was born to King Vishnu and Queen Vishnu Devi at Simhapuri, near Sarnath in the Ikshvaku dynasty.

His birth date was the twelfth day of the Falgun Krishna month of the Indian calendar.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

VASUPUJYA SWAMI

Vasupujya Swami was the twelfth Tirthankara in Jainism of the Avasarpini (present age).

According to Jain beliefs, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences).

Vasupujya was born to King Vasupujya and Queen Jaya Devi at Champapuri in the Ikshvaku dynasty.

His birth date was the fourteenth day of the Falgun Krishna month of the Indian calendar.

He never married and remained a celibate.

He attained Kevala Jnana (Omniscience) within one month of Tapsya (penance) and Moksha at Champapuri, of Bihar in India on the fourteenth day of the bright half of the month of Ashadh.

The second Vasudeva, Dviprishtaha, was his devotee.

He and his brother Baldeva Shrivijay conquered Prativasudeva Tark and brought his oppressive rule to an end.

Shrivijay later joined the ascetic order of Lord Vasupujya.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

VIMALANATHA

Vimalanatha was the thirteenth Jain Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini). According to Jain beliefs, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma. (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences)

Vimalanatha was born to King Kratavarma and Queen Shyamadevi at Kampilya of the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth date was the third day of the Magh Sukla month of the Indian calendar.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

ANANTHANATH

Anantanatha was the fourteenth Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini) of Jainism. According to Jain beliefs, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences).

Anantanatha was born to King Sinhasena and Queen Suyasha at Ayodhya in the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth date was the 13th day of the Vaishakha Krishna month of the Indian calendar.

Ananthnatha Purana (meaning life-story of Anantanatha) was written by Janna in 1230 CE.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

DHARMANATHA

Dharmanatha was the fifteenth Jain Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini).

According to Jain history, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences).

Dharmanath was born to King Bhanu Raja and Queen Suvrata Rani at Ratnapuri in the Ikshvaku dynasty.

His birth date was the third day of the Magh Sukla month of the Indian calendar.

Hutheesing Jain Temple, located at Ahmedabad in Gujarat, constructed in 1848 AD, is dedicated to him.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

SHANTINATHA

Shree Shantinatha was the sixteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini). Shree Shantinatha was born to King Visvasen and Queen Achira at Hastinapur in the Ikshvaku dynasty.

His birth date is the thirteenth day of the Jyest Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He ascended to throne when he was 25 years old.

At the age of 50 years, he became a Jain monk and started his penance. According to Jain beliefs, he became a Sildha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences).

Shantinatha when made aware of his previous incarnations renounced his worldly life and became a Jain ascetic.

After sixteen year of asceticism, on the 9th bright day of month of Pausha (December-January), he achieved Kevala Jnana (Omniscience) under a Nandi tree.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

KUNTHUNATHA

Kunthunath was the seventeenth Jain Tirthankara, sixth Chakravartin and twelfth Kamadeva of the present half cycle of the Cosmic age (Avasarpini). According to Jain history, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences). Kunthunatha was born to King Sura (Surya) and Queen Sridevi at Hastinapur in the Ikshvaku dynasty on the fourteenth day of the Vaishakh Krishna month of the Indian calendar.

According to the Jain history, he was born in 27,695,000 BC, Like all other Chakravartin (Emperors), he also conquered all the lands and went to write his name on the foothills of mountains. Seeing the names of other Chakravartin already there, he saw his ambitions dwarfed. He then renounced his throne and became an ascetic for penance. At an age of 95,000 years he liberated his soul and attained Moksha (liberation) on Mount Shikharji.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

ARANATHA

Aranath was the eighteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present half cycle of Time (Avasarpini). He was also the seventh Jain Chakravartin (Universal Ruler) and thirteenth Kamadeva. According to Jain history, he was born around 16,585,000 BCE. He became a Siddha i.e. a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karmas (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences). Aranath was born to King Sudarshan and Queen Devi (Mitra) at Hastinapur in the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth date was the tenth day of the Migsar Krishna month of the Indian calendar.

Like all other Chakravartin, he also conquered all the lands and went to write his name on the foothills of mountains. Seeing the names of other Chakravartin already there, he saw his ambitions dwarfed. He then renounced his throne and became an ascetic for penance. At an age over 84,000 years he and attained Moksha (liberation) on Mount Shikharji.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

MALLINATHA

Lord Mallinātha was the 19th Jain Tīrthańkara (Enlightened Master) of the present Avasarpinī age in Jainism. Jain texts indicate Mallinātha was born at Mithila into the Ikshvaku dynasty to King Kumbha and Queen Prajāvatī. Tīrthańkara Mallinātha lived for over 56,000 years, out of which 54,800 years less six days, was with Omniscience (Kevala Jnana).

Lord Mallinātha is believed to be a woman named Malli bai by Swetambar Jains while the Digambara sect believes all 24 tirthankara to be men including Mallinātha. Digambara tradition believes a women can reach to the 16th heaven and can attain liberation only being reborn as a man. Digambara tradition says Mallinātha was a son born in a royal family, and worships Mallinātha as a male. However, the Svetambar tradition of Jainism states that Mallinātha was female with a name Malli bai.

According to Jain beliefs, Mallinātha became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma. (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences)

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

MUNISUVRATANATHA

Munisuvrata Swami (Munisuvratanātha) was the twentieth Jain Tirthankara (Enlightened Master) of the latter half-cycle of Time of the present Cosmic Age (Avasarpini) in Jain cosmology. He became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences). Events of the Jaina version of Ramayana are placed at the time of Munisuvratanātha. His chief apostle (ganādhara) was sage Malli Svāmi.

In his previous incarnation, Munisuvrata was born as Surshreshta, the king of Champa, Mahavideh.

According to Jain texts, after spending 7,500 years as youth (kumārakāla), Munisuvratanātha ruled His kingdom for 15,000 years (rajyakala). He then renounced all worldly pursuits and became a monk. According to Jain beliefs, Munisuvratanātha spent 11 months (chadmasthakala) performing karma-destroying austerities and then attained the all-embracing knowledge – Omniscience (kevala jñāna).

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

NAMINATHA

Naminatha was the twenty-first Jain Tirthankara (Enlightened Jain Master) of the present Cosmic Time cycle, Avsarpini. He was born to the King Vijaya and Queen Vipra of the Ikshvaku dynasty. King Vijaya was the ruler of Mithila at that time. When Naminatha was in his mother's womb, Mithila was attacked by a group of powerful kings. The aura of Naminatha forced all the kings to surrender to King Vijaya.

Naminatha was born on the 8th day of Shravan Krishna of the lunisolar Jain calendar. He attained Kevala Jnana under a Bakula tree. He had 17 Ganadhara (disciples), Suprabha being the leader. According to Jain tradition, he liberated his soul by destroying all of his karma (unfulfilled thoughts, words and actions and their consequences) and attained Moksha (liberation) from Sammed Shikhar nearly 50,000 years before Neminatha.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

PARSHVANATHA

Parshvanatha (Pārśvanatha), also known as Parshva (Pārśva) and Paras, was the 23rd of 24 Jain Tirthankaras (Enlightened Jain Masters) of Jainism. He is one of the earliest Tirthankaras who are acknowledged as historical figures.

Parshvanatha was born 350 years before Mahavira. He was the spiritual successor of the 22nd Tirthankara Neminath. He is popularly seen as a propagator and reviver of Jainism.

According to Jain texts, Parshvanatha was born in Benares (Varanasi), India. Renouncing worldly life, he founded an ascetic community.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage.

MAHAVIRA

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth Jain Tirthankara (Enlightened Jain Master) who revived and reorganized Jainism. He expounded the spiritual, philosophical and ethical teachings of the previous Tirthankaras from the remote pre-Vedic era. He was the spiritual successor of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha.

He abandoned all worldly possessions at the age of 30 and left home in pursuit of spiritual awakening, becoming an ascetic. Mahavira practiced intense meditation and severe austerities for 12 years, after which he is believed to have attained Kevala Jnana (Omniscience).

After attaining Kevala Jnana, Mahavira taught that observance of the vows of ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-attachment) is necessary for spiritual liberation. He taught the principles of Anekantavada (many-sided reality): syadvada and nayavada. Mahavira's teachings were compiled by Indrabhuti Gautama (his chief disciple) as the Jain Agamas.

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Surangi Estate, Ganjam Orissa

Raja Dinabandhu Harischandra Jagdev - Considered the Guru of Abhimanyu Samant Singhar- the famous 17 century Composer.

Raja Keshab Raj Harischandra Jagdev (1697-1715) - Composer - Rasa Sindhu Sulakshana

Raja Mukund Harischandra Jagdev - Composer and musician (Veena)

Raja Kishore Chandra Harischandra Jagdev - Composer-Basant Rasa, Chandan Palla, Prahalad Natak and many other notable compositions.

Raja Chandra Chudamani Harischandra Jagdev (1876-1931) - Composed Sangeeta Sarbaswa Kabya - Shifted Palace from Surangi Garh to Ichhapuram - Married eldest daughter of Raja Harihar Mardaraj of Khalikote. - Children -

1. Jubraj Purna Chandra Deo married to Hira Kumari Devi of Kashipur-Nainital

2. Patajema Manik Prava Devi married to Raja Sarat Chandra Munipal of Palahara

3. Majhia Deo, Braja Chandra Deo - Unmarried.

4. Sanjema - Golap Prava Devi married to Kumar Sarat Chandra Deba of Chikti (Two sons & one daughter)

5. Sandeo - Hema Chandra Deo - Unmarried

Raja Purna Chandra Deo Harischandra Jagdev (1904 - 1933)

• Married to Hira Kumari D/o. Raja Saheb of Kashipur - Nainital, Uttarakhand

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Raja Chandra Chudamani Harischandra Jagdev (1876-1931) - Composed Sangeeta Sarbaswa Kabya - Shifted Palace from Surangi Garh to Ichhapuram - Married eldest daughter of Raja Harihar Mardaraj of Khalikote. - Children -

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Raja Kishore Chandra Harischandra Jagdev -

Composer-Basant Rasa, Chandan Palla,

Prahalad Natak and many other notable

compositions.

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Raja Keshab Raj Harischandra Jagdev (1697-1715) - Composer - Rasa Sindhu Sulakshana

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Raja Dinabandhu Harischandra Jagdev - Considered the Guru of Abhimanyu Samant Singhar- the famous 17 century Composer.

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

• Children -

1. Patjema Snehalata Devi married to Lal F.N. Shah Deo of Jarin (Jharkhand)

2. Majia Jema Kunjalata Devi married to Kumar Bhawani Deo of Chirti.

3. Sana Jema Labangalata Devi married to Lal Saheb Narayan Prasad Pal of Palahara

(Three sons & Two daughters)

4. Jubraj Kirti Chandra Deo married to Soubhagya Manjari Devi of Jaria (Jharkhand)

5. San Deo Jay Chandra Deo - Unmarried.

Raja Kirti Chandra Deo Harischandra Jagdev (13.06.1933 to 11.11.1993)

• Elected Member of Legislative Assembly, Andhra Pradesh in 1961 and was active in District and Local Elections in Srikakulam District.

• Married to Soubhagya Manjari Devi, Dlo. Thakur Saheb of Jaria (Jharkha. d)

• Children -

1. Patjema Manoj Manjari Devi (Adopted by Senior Rani Srimanta Manjari Devi, Wio. Raja Kishore Chandra Deo of Athamalik, E.S.A.) married to Raja Jayant Chandra Mardaraj Harichandan of Nilgiri (Balasore), one son -

Janmejey Mardaraj Harichandan, Born - 1986

2. Sanjema Manjula Manjari Devi married to Sri Pratul Shroff of Ahmedabad, Gujrat, One son - Adwait Shroff, Born - 1998.

3. Jubraj Hrudaya Chandra Deo - Unmarried

Raja Hrudaya Chandra Deo Harischandra agdev (09.03.1966 -13.09.2004)

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Raja Purukutsa

Trasadasyu

Asamanja Sagara

King Anshuman

King Dileepa I

King Aja

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

King Nala

Suddhodana

Rishabhanatha

Marichi

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajñapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Guru Nanak

Guru Angad

Guru Amar Das

Guru Ram Das

Guru Arjan

Guru Hargobind

Guru Har Rai

Guru Har Krishan

Guru Tegh Bahadur

Guru Gobind Singh

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam - Lineage

Karikalan Chola

Ellalan Chola

Rajaraja Chola

Maharana Pratap

Chhatrapati Shivaji

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage in the 20th Century

Maharaja Dinabandhu Harischandra Jagdev - Considered the Guru of Abhimanyu Samant Singhar- the famous 17 century Composer.

Maharaja Keshab Rai Harischandra Jagdev (1697-1715) - Composer of the Rasa Sindhu Sulakshana

Maharaja Mukund Harischandra Jagdev - Composer and musician (Veena player)

Maharaja Kishore Chandra Harischandra Jagdev - Composer of Basant Rasa, Chandan Palla, Prahalad Natak and many other notable compositions.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage in the 20th Century

Abhimanyu Samant Singhar

Maharaja Dinabandhu Harishchandra Jagdev, Raja of Surangi, was considered the Guru of Abhimanyu Samant Singhar, the famous 17th century composer.

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Chandra Chudamani Chandra Deo Harishchandra Jagadev (1876-1931)

• Composed Sangeeta Sarbaswa Kabya

• Shifted Palace from Surangi Garh to Ichhapuram

• Married eldest daughter of Maharaja Harihar Mardaraj of Khalikote

• Children - 1. Jubraj Purna Chandra Deo married to Hira Kumari Devi of Kashipur-Nainital

2. Atamjema Manik Prava Devi married to Maharaja Sarat Chandra Munipal of Palahara

3. Majhia Deo, Braja Chandra Deo - Unmarried

4. Sanjema - Golap Prava Devi married to Kumar Sarat Chandra Deba of Chikti (Two sons and one daughter)

5. Sandeo - hema Chandra Deo - Unmarried

Maharaja Chandra Chudamani Chandra Deo Harishchandra Jagadev 1876-1931

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Purna Chandra Deo

Harischandra Jagdev (1904 - 1933)

• Married to Hira Kumari D/o. Raja Saheb of Kashipur - Nainital, Uttarakhand

• Children - 1. Patjema Snehalata Devi married to Lal F.N. Shah Deo of Jarin (Jharkhand)

2. Majia Jema Kunjalata Devi married to Kumar Bhawani Deo of Chirti.

3. Sana Jema Labangalata Devi married to Lal Saheb Narayan Prasad Pal of Palahara (Three sons & Two daughters)

4. Jubraj Kirti Chandra Deo married to Soubhagya Manjari Devi of Jaria (Jharkhand)

5. San Deo Jay Chandra Deo - Unmarried.

Maharaja Purna Chandra Deo Harishchandra Jagadev

1904 - 1933

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Purna Chandra Deo Harishchandra Jagadev

Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Kirti Chandra Deo

Harischandra Jagdev (13 June 1933

to 11 Nov 1993)

• Elected Member of Legislative

Assembly, Andhra Pradesh in 1961 and

was active in District and Local

Elections in Srikakulam District.

• Married to Soubhagya Manjari Devi,

Dlo. Thakur Saheb of Jaria (Jharkhand)

• Children - 1. Patjema Manoj Manjari

Devi (Adopted by Senior Rani Srimanta

Manjari Devi, W/o. Raja Kishore

Chandra Deo of Athamalik, E.S.A.)

married to Raja Jayant Chandra

Mardaraj Harichandan of Nilgiri

(Balasore), one son - Janmejey

Mardaraj Harichandan, Born - 1986

2. Sanjema Manjula Manjari Devi

married to Sri Pratul Shroff of

Ahmedabad, Gujrat, One son - Adwait

Shroff, Born - 1998.

3. Jubraj Hrudaya Chandra Deo -

Unmarried

Maharaja Kirti Chandra Deo Harischandra

Jagdev

3 June 1933 to 11 Nov 1993

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Kirti Chandra Deo Harischandra Jagdev with family

3 June 1933 to 11 Nov 1993

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Kirti Chandra Deo Harischandra Jagdev (seated center)

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Kirti Chandra Deo Harischandra Jagdev with wife Soubhagya Manjari Dev

Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

Maharaja Hruday Chandra Deo Harishchandra Jagadev (Unmarried)

09.03.1996 - 13.09.2004

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Sūrya Vamśa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam Lineage

21st May 1991 at Vizianagaram, Maharaja Hruday Chandra Deo Harishchandra Jagadev, with former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi at Vishakapattinam

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Maharaja Saheb Purna Chandra Deo

Maharaja Saheb Kirti Chandra Deo

Rajasekara Arunachalam Annamalai Bhagavan Nithyananda Paramasivam Chandra Deo Harishchandra Jagadev

Crowned as Emperor of Suryavamsa Sarvajnapeetha Surangi Samrajyam of Surya Vamsa Lineage at age 26 (on 31 Dec 2004)

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A SATELLITE VIEW OF SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Area - 212.17 sq kms., No. of villages - 129, Estate vested in Orissa State on

1st June 1953

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

PURI

–

–

–

Gangpur Princely State

Gangabansi

Sri Gajapathi Maharaja

RAIBOGRA

–

–

–

–

Chauhan

Lal Saheb

RAJPUR

–

–

–

Mayurbhanj Princely State

–

–

RORUAN

–

–

–

Sambalpur District

Chauhan

Raja

SAMBALPUR §

–

–

–

Sambalpur District

–

–

SARAPGARH

117

32

–

Gangpur Princely State

–

–

SARGIPALI

–

–

–

Gangpur Princely State

–

–

SHERGADA

–

–

–

Ganjam District

–

Meherban-i-Dostan Sri Sri Sri

SOMPETA

–

–

–

Mayurbhanj Princely State

Bhanja

Lal Saheb

SONAKHAN §

–

–

–

Cuttack District

–

Sri Raja

SUKHINDA

–

–

–

Ganjam District

–

Raja

SURADA

533

–

–

Ganjam District

–

Raja

SURANGI

212.17

–

–

Ganjam District

–

Raja

TEKKALI-SENAPATI

–

–

–

Ganjam District

Kadamba

Raja

TEKKALI-JUNIOR

–

–

–

Ganjam District

Kadamba

Raja

THUAMUL-RAMPUR

–

–

–

Kalahandi Princely State

–

–

TOTALS

–

–

–

–

–

–

§ - confiscated in about February 1858 for rebellion

- lapsed due to failure of heirs in 1849

$ - confiscated in about December 1857 for rebellion

Australian Research by Dr. Henry Soszynski - showing that Surangi was recognised as an independent princely state by the British Government ruled by the 'Raja' (KING) - Study of Orissa estates during the 19th century.

ROYAL COAT OF ARMS OF SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

The Emblem of the Surangi Kingdom

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

The Jagannath temple where Lord Jagannatha is worshipped by the Suryavamsa Surangi lineage.

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Surangigada Jagannatha Temple

The deity - Lord Jagannatha (called locally as Dabhi Baman Jew) in Orissa, India was the presiding deity of the temple

SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Jagannath of Surangigada

Jagannath Temple in Surangigada was built by the king of Surangi during the 2nd part of the 18th century. He also donated lands for maintenance of its deities. The deity - Lord Jagannatha (called locally as Dabhi Baman Jew) in Orissa, India, is worshipped by the Surangi Royal Lineage

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SURYAVAMSA SURANGI SAMRAJYAM

Jagannath of Surangigada

Jagannath Temple in Surangigada was built by the king of Surangi during the 2nd part of the 18th century. He also donated lands for maintenance of its deities. The deity - Lord Jagannatha (called locally as Dabhi Baman Jew) in Orissa, India, is worshipped by the Surangi Royal Lineage

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Appendix C

Some Prominent Jagannath Temples

South Eastern Region

[This list is not exhaustive; it covers some important and ancient temples only. Total number would be around 3000. For name of the undivided districts abreviations are used, such as :-

BLN = Bolangir, BLS = Balasore, CK = Cuttack, DKL = Dhenkanal, Gm. = Ganjam, KLH = Kalahandi, KNJ = Keonjhar,

KPT = Koraput, M.B. Mayurbhanj, M.P. Madhya Pradesh PH = Phulbani, P.U. = Puri, SMB = Sambalpur, SNG = Sundargarh,

SKL = Srikakulam (A.P.), VSP = Visakhapatnam]

1

Place

(In Alphabetical order)

2

Popular nomen-

clature of the deity

3

Founder and / or period

Adangagada (CK)

Jagannath

Ganga period

1780 A.D.

Agarh (PU)

Balaram (BLS)

Jagannath

Jagannath

Before 1780 A.D.

Anandapur (KNJ)

Dadhivaman

L.N. Bhania (1675 A.D.)

*Anugul (DKL)

Jagannath

K.C. Singh Jagadeva

(1750 A.D.)

'Antarvedi (Puri)

Patitapavana

By a Mahanta in 13th Century &

another

Athagada (Gm.)

Jagannath

By Raghunath Harichandan in 1728

Athagarh (CK)

Jagannath

In 16th Century at Bali Athagada,

Subsequently in modern town

by Biswanath Dev Burma

Badakhemundi (Gm.)

Jagannath

Padmanav Deva (1700 A.D.)

Balesore Town

Jagannath

Mayura Pandit around 1800

Balicheli (Gm.)

Jagannath

Trilokan Das 1680 A.D.

Balipadar (Gm.)

Jagannath

Harisan Bhanja in 1680 A.D.

Banai (SNG)

Jagannath

Around 1350 A.D.

Banapur (PU)

Jagannath

Niladri Hari Chandana in 1692 A.D.

Baramba (CK)

Jagannath

Narayan Mangaraj, 1700 A.D.

Baragarh (SMB)

Dadhivaman

Anangbhimdeva in 1220 A.D.

Barapali (SMB)

Jagannath

Hridaranayan Singh around

1600 A.D.

Baripada (MB)

Jagannath

Vaidyanath Bhanja in 1575 A.D.

Barkota (Gm.)

Jagannath

Before 1780 A.D.

Bastar (M.P.)

Jagannath

Before 1780 A.D.

Bastipalli (SMB)

Jagannath

17th Century

Badua (PH)

Jagannath

Pre-Muslim Period (i.e. before

Balpada (PU)

Dadhivamana

About 1770 A.D.

Berhampur (Gm.)

Jagannath

18th Century

Bhatili (SMB)

Dadhivamana

Paramananda Swami in 18th

Century

Bhavanipatna (KLH)

Jagannath

Narayan Deo in 1852 A.D.

Bhuaneswar (Pu)

Jagannath

(Anantesvara)

i) Balabrukshna Chandrika Devi in 1278 A.D.

(Anantasudesava)

ii) Anangbhimadeva (1211-39 A.D.)

Binika (BLN)

Jagannath

Ramaideo in 1750 A.D.

Bolangir (Patana)

Jagannath

Chandrika Devi III (1300 A.D.)

Bolagir (Hqrs)

Jagannath

Modern (19th Century)

Buguda (Gm.)

Jagannath

Harisan Bhanja (1800 A.D.)

Chakpad (Ph)

Jagannath

Before 1739 A.D.

Chandragiri (Huguli)

Jagannath

–

(19th century)

Chilakote (SKL)

Jagannath

Purna Das Babaji 1693

Chikati (Gm.)

Jagannath

(19th Century)

Cuttack

Jagannath

Anangbhimadeva III (1230 A.D.)

Dadapur (KLH)

Jagannath

Early 17th Century

Daisagada (Ranchi)

Jagannath

i) Old temple in 1620 A.D.

ii) New temple in 1683 A.D.

Dantan (Midnapur)

Jagannath

Banede 1509 A.D.

Dasapalla (PU)

Jagannath

Before 1776 A.D.

Degon (DKL)

Baladebj

After 1264 A.D.

Devagada (SMB)

Jagannath

Pataprudradeva 1778 A.D.

Deulgaon (BLS)

Jagannath &

Baladeva

16th Century

Dhamari (Daca)

Jagannath

11th Century

*Dhenkanal (Gada)

i) Balabhadra

Nrusimba Bhramar Vara Raya

around 1690 A.D.

Digapahandi (Gm.)

Jagannath

1790 A.D.

Cadaparajalk (SNG)

Dadhivaman

17th Century

Gangpur (SNG)

Jagannath

Gopinath (CK)

Jagannath

*Gopinath Mohapatra in 1460 A.D.

Gud (BLS)

Jagannath

Before 1568 A.D.

*Gumma (Khumsar)

Vasudeva

Langula Bhanja, 1782 A.D.

Gunupur (Gm)

Jagannath

Before 18th Century

188

Lord Jagannath: Through the Ages

Barapali (SMB)

Jagannath

Hridaranayan Singh around

1600 A.D.

Baripada (MB)

Jagannath

Vaidyanath Bhanja in 1575 A.D.

Barkota (Gm.)

Jagannath

Before 1780 A.D.

Bastar (M.P.)

Jagannath

Before 1780 A.D.

Bastipalli (SMB)

Jagannath

17th Century

Badua (PH)

Jagannath

Pre-Muslim Period (i.e. before

Balpada (PU)

Dadhivamana

About 1770 A.D.

Berhampur (Gm.)

Jagannath

18th Century

Bhatili (SMB)

Dadhivamana

Paramananda Swami in 18th

Century

Bhavanipatna (KLH)

Jagannath

Narayan Deo in 1852 A.D.

Bhuaneswar (Pu)

Jagannath

(Anantesvara)

i) Balabrukshna Chandrika Devi in 1278 A.D.

(Anantasudesava)

ii) Anangbhimadeva (1211-39 A.D.)

Binika (BLN)

Jagannath

Ramaideo in 1750 A.D.

Bolangir (Patana)

Jagannath

Chandrika Devi III (1300 A.D.)

Bolagir (Hqrs)

Jagannath

Modern (19th Century)

Buguda (Gm.)

Jagannath

Harisan Bhanja (1800 A.D.)

Chakpad (Ph)

Jagannath

Before 1739 A.D.

Chandragiri (Huguli)

Jagannath

–

(19th century)

Chilakote (SKL)

Jagannath

Purna Das Babaji 1693

Chikati (Gm.)

Jagannath

(19th Century)

Cuttack

Jagannath

Anangbhimadeva III (1230 A.D.)

Dadapur (KLH)

Jagannath

Early 17th Century

Daisagada (Ranchi)

Jagannath

i) Old temple in 1620 A.D.

ii) New temple in 1683 A.D.

Dantan (Midnapur)

Jagannath

Banede 1509 A.D.

Dasapalla (PU)

Jagannath

Before 1776 A.D.

Degon (DKL)

Baladebj

After 1264 A.D.

Devagada (SMB)

Jagannath

Pataprudradeva 1778 A.D.

Deulgaon (BLS)

Jagannath &

Baladeva

16th Century

Dhamari (Daca)

Jagannath

11th Century

*Dhenkanal (Gada)

i) Balabhadra

Nrusimba Bhramar Vara Raya

around 1690 A.D.

Digapahandi (Gm.)

Jagannath

1790 A.D.

Cadaparajalk (SNG)

Dadhivaman

17th Century

Gangpur (SNG)

Jagannath

17th Century

Gopinath (CK)

Jagannath

*Gopinath Mohapatra in 1460 A.D.

Gud (BLS)

Jagannath

Before 1568 A.D.

*Gumma (Khumsar)

Vasudeva

Langula Bhanja, 1782 A.D.

Gunupur (Gm)

Jagannath

Before 18th Century

Some Prominent Jagannath Temples

189

Haripur (MB)

Jagannath

Haribar Bhana (1630 A.D.)

Hariankote (BLN)

i) Nrsimhanth Durlabha Devi in 1413 A.D.

ii) Subsequent to above

Hatagada (SMB)

Jagannath

Chatrasabadeva about 1685 A.D.

Hijli (Midnapur)

Jagannath

Bibhuti Mohapatra in 1584 A.D.

Imphal (Manipur)

Jagannath

Bhagyasundar about 1780 A.D.

Indupur (CK)

Jagannath

Purusottmadeva about 1510 A.D.

Jagadalpur (M.P.)

Jagannath

Before 1760 A.D.

Jagannath Prasad (Gm.)

Jagannath

Debidhur Das 1680 A.D.

Jagannathpur (Ranchi)

Jagannath

Nakur Tunga in 1358 A.D.

Jagasinghpur (CK)

Jagannath

Thakur Aini Sahi 1691 A.D.

Jajpur Town

Jagannath

i) By Anangbhimadeva

(1211-39)

ii) Reinstated by 1735 A.D.

Jeipur (BLS)

Jagannath

16th Century

Jurada Gada (Gm)

Jagannath

Parthansarathi &

Birabhadra & Birabarahdrave

of 15th Century.

Jeypore (KPT)

Jagannath (The Vikram Dev

1760 A.D.)

Junagarh (KLH)

Dadhivaman

Before 1600 A.D.

Kakatpur (PU)

Patitapavana

Pre-Ganga period

Re-instated (1850 A.D.)

Kantilo (PU)

Nilamadhab

Ganga period (1300 A.D.)

Katarpara (CK)

Jagannath

Ganga Period

Kendrapada (CK)

Baladevai

i) Originally in 13th Century

ii) Reconstructed in 1930 A.D.

Keonjharpada

Jagannath

Balabhadra Bhanja 1790 A.D.

Keisiry Gadi (Midnapur)

Jagannath

15th Century A.D.

Khallikote (Gm.)

i) Jagannath

(at Khallikote

(1800 A.D.)

Town)

ii) Jagannath

Mardaraj Dev U

at (Nilarhara)

in 1700 A.D.

Khambakuda (CK)

Jagannath

Before 1550 A.D.

Khandapara (PU)

Jagannath

Bairari Simha in 1750 A.D.

Kolli (C.K.)

Dadhivamana

Ganga Period

*Kenaput

Jagannath

(1972)

Kujanga (CK)

Jagannath

Anant Navardana Samanta

(1570 A.D.)

Kulada (Gm.)

Jagannath

i) Originally by Pratap Bhanja

(1600 A.D.)

ii) Subsequently Krishna Bhanja

in 1750 A.D.

Some Prominent Jagannath Temples

191

Sarangagada (M.P.)

Jagannath

Chatra Sai (1695 A.D.)

Seori Narayan (M.P.)

Jagannath*

11th Century

Sindikela (BLN)

Jagannath

After 1871 A.D.

Sonepur (BLN)

Jagannath

Madangopal Singh Deo

(16th Century)

Surangigada (Gm.)

Jagannath

(18th Century)

Suvarnapur (CK.)

Jagannath

Yamesvar Deva (15th Century)

Talamundali (CK)

Jagannath

Padmanav Virarvar Harichandan

(1580 A.D.)

Talcher (DKL)

Jagannath

Kadam Vamsi 17th Century

Tekali (SKL)

Jagannath

16th Century

Tigiria (CK)