Verses Of Gita Chapter 18🔗

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_jgÝ`mg`mJ: Mokṣa Sanyāsa Yogaḥ

arjuna uvāca

arjuna uvāca: Arjuna said; saṁnyāsasya: monkhood; mahābāho: O mighty-armed one; tattvam: truth; icchāmi: I wish; veditum: to understand; tyāgasya: of renunciation; ca: also; hṛṣīkeśa: O master of the senses; pṛthak: differently; keśiniṣūdana: O killer of the Kesi demon

18.1 Arjuna said, 'Krishna, killer of the demon Kesi, I wish to understand what the purpose of renunciation is and about monkhood, and the difference between the two.'

śrī bhagavān uvāca

śrī bhagavān uvāca: Sri Bhagavān said; kāmyānāṁ: with desire; karmaṇāṁ: activities; nyāsaṁ: renunciation; saṁnyāsaṁ: renounced order of life; kavayaḥ: the learned; viduḥ: know; sarva: of all; karma: activities; phala: of results; tyāgaṁ: renunciation; prāhuḥ: call; tyāgaṁ: renunciation; vicakṣaṇāḥ: the experienced

18.2 Krishna said, the wise say that the purpose of monkhood as giving up all selfish work based on desire, and renunciation as the freedom from all attachment to the results of one's actions.

Ë`ṁÁ` Xṁfd{XË`H§ H§_àmh_Zr{fU:'& `kXnZVn:H§_ Z Ë`mÁ`{_{V Mmna!&& 3

tyājyaṁ: must be given up; doṣavad: like sins; iti: thus; eke: one group; karma: work; prāhuḥ: said; manīṣiṇaḥ: of great thinkers; yajña: sacrifice or service; dāna: charity; tapaḥ: penance or austerity; karma: work; na: never; tyājyam: is to be given up; iti: thus; ca: certainly; apare: others

18.3 Some learned men say that all kinds of result-based activities are sins and should be given up, but there are yet other sages who maintain that acts of service, charity and austerity should never be given up.

{Zü` IU _VÌ Ë`mJ ^aVgÎm_ & Ë`mJm {h néfì`mK {Ì{dY: gảàH§s{VV:'&& 4

niścayaṁ: certainty; śṛṇu: hear; me: from Me; tatra: there; tyāge: in the matter of renunciation; bharata sattama: O best of the Bharatas; tyāgaḥ: renunciation; hi: certainly; puruṣa vyāghra: O tiger among human beings; trividhaḥ: three kinds; saṁprakīrtitaḥ : is declared

18.4 Arjuna, here is what I say about renunciation. There are three kinds of renunciation explained.

yajña: sacrifice; dāna: charity; tapaḥ: penance; karma: activities; na: never; tyājyam: to be given up; kāryam: must be done; eva: certainly; tat: that; yajñaḥ: service; dānaṁ: charity; tapaḥ: austerity; cai: also; eva: certainly; pāvanāni: purifying; manīsinām: even of the great souls

18.5 Acts of service, charity and austerity are not to be given up; they should be performed. Even the sages are purified by sacrifice, charity and penance.

etāni: all this; api: certainly; tu: must; karmāṇi: activities; saṅgam: association; tyaktvā: renouncing; phalāni: results; ca: also; kartavyāni: as duty; iti: thus; me: My; pārtha: O son of Pritha; niścitaṁ: definite; matam: opinion; uttamam: the best

18.6 Arjuna, all these actions of duty must also be performed without any expectation of result. That is My considered opinion.

niyatasya: prescribed duties; tu: but; saṁnyāsaḥ: renunciation; karmaṇaḥ: activities; na: never; upapadyate: is deserved; mohāt: by illusion; tasya: of which; parityāgaḥ: renunciation; tāmasaḥ: in the mode of ignorance; parikīrtitaḥ: is declared

18.7 Prescribed duties should never be renounced. If one gives up his prescribed duties through the illusion of renunciation, this is said to be in the state of ignorance.

duḥkham: unhappy; iti: thus; eva: certainly; yat: that which; karma: work; kāya: body; kleśa: troublesome; bhayāt: out of fear; tyajet: gives up; sa: that; kṛtvā: after doing; rājāsaṁ: in the mode of aggression; tyāgaṁ: renunciation; nai 'va: certainly not; tyāga: renounced; phalaṁ: results; labhet: gain

18.8 Anyone who gives up prescribed duties as troublesome, or out of fear, is said to be in the state of aggression, does not benefit from renunciation.

kāryam: must be done; iti: thus; eva: thus; yat: that which; karma: work; niyataṁ: prescribed; kriyate: performed; arjuna: O Arjuna; saṅgaṁ: association; tyaktvā: giving up; phalaṁ: result; ca: also; eva: certainly; saḥ: that; tyāgaḥ: renunciation; sāttvikaḥ: in the mode of goodness; mataḥ: in My opinion.

18.9 But he who performs what is prescribed, as a matter of duty, without expectation or attachment to the results, his renunciation is of the nature of satva, goodness, O Arjuna.

na: never; dveṣṭi: hates; akuśalaṁ: inauspicious; karma: work; kuśale: in the auspicious; na: nor; anuṣajjate: becomes attached; tyāgī: the renouncer; sattva: goodness; samāviṣṭaḥ: absorbed in; medhāvī: intelligent; chinna: cut up; saṁśayaḥ: all doubts

18.10 Those who neither hate disagreeable work nor are attached to pleasant work are in a state of intelligence, goodness and renunciation, free of all doubts.

na: never; hi: certainly; dehabhṛtā: of the embodied; śakyaṁ: possible; tyaktuṁ: to renounce; karmāṇi: activities of; aśeṣataḥ: altogether; yas tu: anyone who; karma: work; phala: results; tyāgī: renouncer; sa tyāgī: the renouncer; iti: thus; abhidhīyate: it is said

18.11 Human beings cannot give up all activities. Therefore the one who has renounced the fruits of such activity is one who has truly renounced.

aniṣṭam: leading to hell; iṣṭaṁ: leading to heaven; miśraṁ ca: or mixture; trividhaṁ: three kinds; karmaṇaḥ: work; phalam: result; bhavati: becomes; atyāgināṁ: of the renouncer; pretya: after death; na tu: but not; saṁnyāsināṁ: of the renounced order; kvacit: at any time

18.12 For one who is not renounced, the three kinds of fruits of action— desirable, undesirable and mixed—acrue after death, but not to one who has renounced.

pañca: five; etāni: all these; mahābāho: O mighty-armed one; kāraṇāni: cause; nibodha: just understand; me: from Me; sāṁkhya: in the Sāṅkhya philosophy; kṛtānte: after performance; proktāni: said; siddhaye: perfection; sarva: all; karmaṇām: actuated. adhiṣṭhānaṁ: place; tathā: also; kartā: worker; karaṇaṁ ca: and instruments; pṛthagvidham: different kinds; vividhāś ca: varieties; pṛthak: separately; ceṣṭā: endeavor; daivaṁ: the supreme; ca: also; eva: certainly; atra: here; pañcamam: five

18.13,14 Learn from Me Arjuna, the five causes that bring about the accomplishment of all action, as described in Sāṅkhya philosophy. These are: physical body that is the seat of action; the attributes of nature or guṇa, which is the doer; the eleven organs of perception and action by the life forces and finally the Divine.

śarīra: body; vāṅ: speech; manobhiḥ: by the mind; yat: anything; karma: work; prārabhate: begins; naraḥ: a person; nyāyyaṁ: right; vā: or; viparītaṁ: the opposite; vā: or; pañca: five; ete: all these; tasya: its; hetavaḥ: causes

18.15 These five factors are responsible for whatever right or wrong actions a man performs by deed, word and thought.

tatra: there; evam: certainly; sati: being; kartāram: of the worker; ātmānam: the self; kevalam: only; tu: but; yaḥ: anyone; paśyati: sees; akṛta buddhitvān: due to unintelligence; na: never; saḥ: he; paśyati: sees; durmatiḥ: foolish

18.16 Those who think they, their spirit, are the doers, are ignorant and do not see things as they are.

yasya: of one who; nā: never; ahaṁkṛtaḥ: ego; bhāvaḥ: nature; buddhiḥ: intelligence; yasya: one who; na: never; lipyate: is attached; hatvā 'pi: even killing; saḥ: he; imāṁḥ: this; lokān: world; na: never; hanti: kills; na: never; nibadhyate: becomes entangled

18.17 One who is egoless, whose intelligence is not of attachment, though he may kill, is not the slayer and is never bound by his actions.

jñānam: knowledge; jñeyam: objective; parijñātā: the knower; trividhā: three kinds; karma: work; codanā: impetus; karaṇam: the senses; karmā: work; kartā: the doer; iti: thus; trividhaḥ: three kinds; karma: work; saṅgrahaḥ: accumulation

18.18 Knowledge, object of the knowledge and the subject of the knowledge, the knower, are the three factors that stimulate action; the senses, the action and the performer comprise the three components of action.

jñānam: knowledge; karma: work; ca: also; kartā: worker; ca: also; tridha: three kinds; eva: certainly; guṇabhedataḥ: in terms of different modes of material nature; procyate: is said; guṇasaṅkhyāne: in terms of different modes; yathāvat: as they act; śṛṇu: hear; tāni: all of them; api: also

18.19 According to the science of guṇas, there are three types in knowledge, action, and performers of action. Listen as I describe them.

sarvabhūteṣu: in all living entities; yena: by whom; ekam: one; bhāvam: situation; avyayam: imperishable; īkṣate: does see; avibhaktam: undivided; vibhakteṣu: in the numberless divided; tat: that; jñānam: knowledge; viddhi: know; sāttvikam: in the mode of goodness

18.20 That knowledge by which one imperishable reality is seen in all Existence, undivided in the divided, is knowledge in the state of goodness.

pṛthaktvena: because of division; tu: but; yaj jñānaṁ: which knowledge; nānābhāvān: various situations; pṛthagvidhān: differently; vetti: one who knows; sarveṣu: in all; bhūteṣu: living entities; taj jñānaṁ: that knowledge; viddhi: must be known; rājasam: in terms of aggression

18.21 The knowledge by which one sees different realities of various types among all beings as separate from one another; such knowledge is in the mode of aggression.

yat: that which; tu: but; kṛtsnavat: all in all; ekasmin: in one; kārye: work; saktam: attached; ahaitukam: without cause; atattvārthavat: without reality; alpaṁ: very meager; ca: and; tat: that; tāmasam: in the mode of darkness; udāhṛtam: is spoken

18.22 The irrational, baseless, and worthless knowledge by which one clings to one single effect as if it is everything, such knowledge is in the mode of darkness of ignorance.

niyatam: regulative; saṅgarahitam: without attachment; arāgadveṣataḥ: without love or hatred; kṛtam: done; aphalaprepsunā: without fruitive result; karma: acts; yat: which; tat: that; sāttvikam: in the mode of goodness; ucyate: is called

18.23 Obligatory duty performed without likes and dislikes and without selfish motives and attachment to the fruit, is in the mode of goodness.

yat: that which; tu: but; kāmepsunā: with fruitive result; karma: work; sāhaṅkāreṇa: with ego; vā: or; punaḥ: again; kriyate: performed; bahulāyāsaṁ: with great labor; tat: that; rājasam: in the mode of passion; udāhṛtam: is said to be

18.24 Action performed with ego, with selfish motives, and with too much effort, is in the mode of aggression.

anubandham: future bondage; kṣayam: destruction; hiṁsām: violence; anapekṣya: without consideration of consequences; ca: also; pauruṣam: distressing to others; mohāt: by illusion; ārabhyate: begun; karma: work; yat: which; tat: that; tāmasam: in the mode of ignorance; ucyate: is said to be

18.25 Action that is undertaken because of delusion, disregarding consequences, loss, injury to others, as well as one's own ability, is in the mode of ignorance.

muktasaṅgaḥ: liberated from all material association; anahaṁvādī: without false ego; dhṛtyutsāha: with great enthusiasm; samanvitaḥ: qualified in that way; siddhi: perfection; asiddhyoḥ: failure; nirvikāraḥ: without change; kartā: worker; sāttvikaḥ: in the mode of goodness; ucyate: is said to be

18.26 The performer who is free from attachment, non-egotistic, endowed with resolve and enthusiasm, and unperturbed in success or failure is called sātvika.

rāgī: very much attached; karmaphala: to the fruit of the work; prepsuḥ: desiring; lubdhaḥ: greedy; hiṁsātmakaḥ: and always envious; aśuciḥ: unclean; harṣaśokānvitaḥ: complicated, with joy and sorrow; kartā: such a worker; rājasaḥ: in the mode of passion; parikīrtitaḥ: is declared

18.27 The performer who is impassioned, who desires the fruits of work, who is greedy, violent, impure, and affected by joy and sorrow, is called aggressive.

A`º: àṁHV: ñVãY: eRmo ZîH{VHm@bg:`/& {dfmXr XrKgÌr M H$Vm Vm_g CÀ`Vo&& 28

ayuktaḥ: without reference to scriptural injunctions; prākṛtaḥ: materialistic; stabdhaḥ: obstinate; śaṭhaḥ: deceitful; naiṣkṛtikaḥ: expert in insulting others; alasaḥ: lazy; viṣādī: morose; dīrghasūtrī: procrastinating; ca: also; kartā: worker; tāmasa: in the mode of ignorance; ucyate: is said to be

18.28 The performer who is undisciplined, vulgar, stubborn, wicked, malicious, lazy, depressed, and procrastinating is called ignorant or tamasic.

~Õ^X YVüd JUV{ó{dY eU/& àmÀ`_mZ_efU nWŠËdZ YZÄO`!&& 29

buddheḥ: of intelligence; bhedam: differences; dhṛteḥ: of steadiness; ca: also; eva: certainly; guṇataḥ: by the modes of material nature; trividham: the three kinds of; śṛṇu: just hear; procyamānam: as described by Me; aśeṣeṇa: in detail; pṛthaktvena: differently; dhanañjaya: O winner of wealth

18.29 Now hear Me explain, fully and separately, the threefold division of intellect and resolve, based on modes of material Nature, O Arjuna.

àd{Îm M {ZdgÎm M Hm`mHm` ^`m^`&/ ~ÝY_moj M `m d{Îm ~{Õ: gm nmW gmpÎdH$s!&& 30

pravṛttiṁ: the path of work; ca: also; nivṛttiṁ: the path of renunciation; ca: and; kārya: work that is to be done; akārye: prohibited action; bhaya: fearful; abhaye: fearlessness; bandhaṁ: obligation; mokṣaṁ ca: and liberation; yā: that which; vetti: knows; buddhiḥ: understanding; sā: that; pārtha: O son of Pritha; sāttvikī: in the mode of goodness

18.30 O Arjuna, that intellect is in the mode of goodness which understands the path of work and the path of renunciation, right and wrong action, fear and fearlessness, bondage and liberation.

yayā: by which; dharmam: right conduct; adharmaṁ: what is not right conduct; ca: and; kāryaṁ: work; ca: also; akāryam: what ought not to be done; eva: certainly; ca: also; ayathāvat: not perfectly; prajānāti: knows; buddhiḥ: intelligence; sā: that; pārtha: O son of Pritha; rājasī: in the mode of passion

18.31 That intellect is in the mode of passion that cannot distinguish between principles of right conduct and wrong doing, and right and wrong action, O Arjuna.

adharmaṁ: what is not right conduct; dharmam: right conduct; iti: thus; yā: which; manyate: thinks; tamasā: by ignorance; avṛtā: covered; sarvārthān: all things; viparītāṁ: the wrong direction; ca: also; buddhiḥ: intelligence; sā: that; pārtha: O son of Pritha; tāmasī: the mode of ignorance

18.32 That intellect is in the mode of ignorance that accepts unrighteousness as righteousness and thinks everything to be that which it is not, O Arjuna.

dhṛtyā: determination; yayā: by which; dhārayate: continued; manaḥ: mind; prāṇa: life energy; indriya: senses; kriyāḥ: activities; yogena: uniting with God; avyabhicāriṇyā: without any break; dhṛtiḥ: such determination; sā: that; pārtha: O son of Pritha; sāttvikī: in the mode of goodness

18.33 Consistent and continuous determination in controlling the mind, breath and senses for uniting with the Divine is goodness, Arjuna

yayā: by which; tu: but; dharma kāmārthān: for the three goals in life, right conduct, sense pleasure and wealth; dhṛtyā: by determination; dhārayate: continuously; arjuna: O Arjuna; prasaṅgena: for that; phalākāṅkṣī: desiring fruitive results; dhṛtiḥ: determination; sā: that; pārtha: O son of Pritha; rājasī: in the mode of passion

18.34 Craving for results of action while clinging to goals of proper conduct, pleasure and wealth is the state of passion.

yayā: by which; svapnaṁ: dream; bhayaṁ: fearfulness; śokaṁ: lamentation; viṣādaṁ: moroseness; madam: delusion; eva: certainly; ca: also; na: never; vimuñcati: is liberated; durmedhā: unintelligent; dhṛtiḥ: determination; sā: that; pārtha: O son of Pritha; tāmasī: in the mode of ignorance

18.35 Ignorant resolve which cannot go beyond dreaming, fear, grief, despair and, delusion—such is in darkness, Arjuna.

g▮ pËdXmZt {Ì{dY eU _ ^aVf^& Aä`mgmÐ_V `Ì X:I mÝV M {ZJÀN{V&& 36

`ÎmXJ {df{_d n[aUm_@_Vmn_ & VËg▮ gmpÎdHàmº_mË_~{ÕàgmXO_&& 37

sukhaṁ: happiness; tu: but; idānīm: now; trividhaṁ: three kinds; śṛṇu: hear; me: from Me; bharatarṣabha: O best amongst the Bharatas; abhyāsāt: by practice; ramate: enjoyer; yatra: where; duḥkha: distress; antaṁ: end; ca: also; nigacchati: gains; yat: that which; tat: that; agre: in the beginning; viṣaṁ iva: like poison; pariṇāme: at the end; amṛta: nectar; upamam: compared to; tat: that; sukhaṁ: happiness; sāttvikaṁ: in the mode of goodness; proktam: is said; ātma: self; buddhi: intelligence; prasādajam: satisfactory

18.36,37 And now hear from Me, O Arjuna, about three kinds of pleasure. The pleasure that one enjoys from spiritual practice results in cessation of all sorrows. The pleasure that appears as poison in the beginning, but is like nectar in the end, comes by the grace of Self-knowledge and is in the mode of goodness.

viṣaya: objects of the senses; indriya: senses; saṁyogat: combination; yat: which; tat: that; agre: in the beginning; amṛtopamam: just like nectar; pariṇāme: at the end; viṣam iva: like poison; tat: that; sukhaṁ: happiness; rājasaṁ: in the mode of passion; smṛtam: is considered

18.38 Sensual pleasures that appear as nectar in the beginning, but become poison in the end, are in the mode of passion.

yat: that which; agre: in the beginning; ca: also; anubandhe: by binding; ca: also; sukhaṁ: happiness; mohanam: illusion; ātmanaḥ: of the self; nidrā: sleeping; ālasya: laziness; pramāda: illusion; utthaṁ: produced of; tat: that; tāmasam: in the mode of ignorance; udāhṛtam: is said to be

18.39 Pleasure that is delusion from beginning to end and born out of sleep, laziness and illusion is said to be of the nature of ignorance.

na: not; tad: that; asti: there is; pṛthivyāṁ: within the universe; vā: or; divi: in the higher planetary system; deveṣu: amongst the demigods; vā: or; punaḥ: again; sattvaṁ: existence; prakṛtijaiḥ: under the influence of material nature; muktaṁ: liberated; yat: that; ebhiḥ: by this; syāt: so becomes; tribhiḥ: by three; guṇaiḥ : modes of material nature

18.40 No one, either here or among the celestials in the higher planetary systems, is free from these three states of material nature.

brāhmaṇa: the brāhmaṇas; kṣatriya: the kṣatriyas; viśāṁ: the vaiśyas; śūdrāṇāṁ: the śūdras; ca: and; paraṁtapa: O subduer of the enemies; karmāṇi: activities; pravibhaktāni: are divided; svabhāva: own nature; prabhavaiḥ: born of; guṇaiḥ: by the modes of material nature

18.41 Brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas and śūdras are divided in the work they do based on their nature, Arjuna.

śamaḥ: peacefulness; damaḥ: self-control; tapaḥ: austerity; śaucaṁ: purity; kṣāntiḥ: tolerance; ārjavam: honesty; eva: certainly; ca: and; jñānaṁ: knowledge; vijñānam: wisdom; āstikyaṁ: belief in God; brahma: of a brahmana; karma: duty; svabhāvajam: born of his own nature

18.42 The nature of Brāhmaṇa is characterized by their calmness, discipline, austerity, tolerance, honesty, knowledge, wisdom and belief in God.

śauryam: heroism; tejaḥ: power; dhṛtir: determination; dākṣyam: resourcefulness; yuddhe: in battle; ca: and; api: also; apalāyanam: not fleeing; dānam: generosity; īśvara: leadership; bhāvaḥ: nature; ca: and; kṣātraṁ: kṣatriya; karma: duty; svabhāvajam: born of his own nature

18.43 Kṣatriya are characterized by their qualities of heroism, vigor, firmness, dexterity, steadfastness in battle, leadership and generosity.

kṛṣi: plowing; gaurakṣyam: protecting cows; vāṇijyaṁ: trade; vaiśya: vaiśyas; karma: duty; svabhāvajam: born of his own nature; paricaryā: service; atmakaṁ: nature; karma: duty; śūdrasyā: of the śūdra; api: also; svabhāvajam: born of his own nature

18.44 Those who are good at cultivation, cattle rearing, and trade are known as Vaiśya. Those who are very good in service are classed as śūdra.

sve: own; sve: own; karmaṇi: in work; abhirataḥ: following; saṁsiddhiṁ: perfection; labhate: achieves; naraḥ: a man; svakarma: by his own duty; nirataḥ: engaged; siddhiṁ: perfection; yathā: as; vindati: attains; tat: that; śṛṇu: listen

18.45 One can attain the highest perfection by devotion to one's natural work. Listen to Me how one attains perfection while engaged in one's natural work.

yataḥ: from whom; pravṛttiḥ: the emanation; bhūtānāṁ: of all living entities; yena: by whom; sarvam: all; idaṁ: this; tatam: is pervaded; svakarmaṇā: in his own duties; tam: Him; abhyarcya: by worshiping; siddhiṁ: perfection; vindati: achieves; mānavaḥ: a man

18.46 One attains perfection by worshipping the supreme Being from whom all beings originate and by whom all this universe is pervaded through performance of one's natural duty for Him.

śreyān: better; svadharmaḥ: one 's own rightful conduct; viguṇaḥ: imperfectly performed; paradharmāt: another's conduct; svanuṣṭhitāt: perfectly done; svabhāvaniyataṁ: prescribed duties according to one 's nature; karma: work; kurvan: performing; na: never; āpnoti: achieve; kilbiṣam: sinful reactions

18.47 It is better to engage in one's rightful conduct, even though one may not perform it to perfection, rather than to accept another's conduct and perform it perfectly. Duties prescribed according to one's nature, are never affected by sinful reactions.

ghO H_ HmÝV` gXmf_{n Z Ë`OV& gdmaå^m {h XmfU Y_Zm{¾[admd¥Vm:॥& 48

sahajaṁ: born simultaneously; karma: work; kaunteya: O son of Kunti; sadoṣaṁ: with fault; api: although; na: never; tyajet: to be given up; sarvārambhāḥ: any venture; hi: certainly; doṣeṇa: with fault; dhūmenā: with smoke; agniḥ: fire; iva as; āvṛtāḥ: covered

18.48 Every work has some defect, just as fire is covered by smoke. One should not give up the work that is born of his own nature, even if such work is full of fault, Arjuna.

Agº§~{Õ… gdÌ {OVmË_m {dJVñnh:& ZîH$å`{gqO na_m gÝ`mgZm{YJÀN{V&& 49

asaktabuddhiḥ: unattached intelligence; sarvatra: everywhere; jitātmā: control of the mind; vigataspṛhaḥ: without material desires; naiṣkarmyasiddhiṁ: perfection of non-reaction; paramāṁ: supreme; saṁnyāsena: by the renounced order of life; adhigacchati: attains

18.49 One whose mind is always free from selfish attachment, who has controlled the mind and who is free from desires, he, by renunciation, attains perfection of freedom from selfish attachment to the fruits of work.

{gqÕ àmám `Wm ~÷ VWmßZm{V {Z~mY _& g_mgZd H$mÝV` {Zðm kmZñ` `m nam&& 50

siddhiṁ: perfection; prāptaḥ: achieving; yathā: as; brahma: the supreme; tathā: so; apnoti: achieves; nibodha: try to understand; me: from Me; samāsenai: summarily; eva: certainly; kaunteya: O son of Kunti; niṣṭhā: stage; jñānasya: of knowledge; yā: which; parā: transcendental

18.50 Understand from Me how one can achieve the state of Truth, Brahman, by acting in the way I shall now summarize, Arjuna.

buddhyā: by the intelligence; viśuddhayā: fully purified; yuktaḥ: such engagement; dhṛtyā: determination; ātmānaṁ: self; niyamya: regulated; ca: also; śabdādīn: the sense objects, such as sound, etc.; viṣayāṁ: sense objects; tyaktvā: giving up; rāga: attachment; dveṣau: hatred; vyudasya: having laid aside; ca: also; viviktasevī: living in a secluded place; laghvāśī: eating a small quantity; yatavāk: control of speech; kāya: body; mānasaḥ: control of the mind; dhyānayogaparaḥ: always absorbed in trance; nityaṁ: twenty-four hours a day; vairāgyaṁ: detachment; samupāśritaḥ: taken shelter of; ahaṁkāraṁ: false ego; balaṁ: false strength; darpaṁ: false pride; kāmaṁ: lust; krodhaṁ: anger; parigraham: acceptance of material things; vimucya: being delivered; nirmamaḥ: without proprietorship; śāntaḥ: peaceful; brahmabhūyāya: to become self-realized; kalpate: is understood

18.51,52,53 Endowed with purified intellect; subduing the mind with firm resolve; turning away from the objects of senses; giving up likes and dislikes; living in solitude; eating lightly; controlling the mind, speech, and organs of action; ever absorbed in meditation; taking refuge in detachment; and relinquishing egotism, violence, pride, lust, anger, and proprietorship, one becomes peaceful, free from the notion of "I" and "mine", and fit for attaining oneness with the supreme Being.

~÷^V: àgÞmË_m Z emM{V Z H$m§_j{V& g_: gdf ^Vf _Øqº$ b^V nam_&& 54

brahmabhūtaḥ: being one with the Absolute; prasannātmā: fully joyful; na: never; śocati: laments; na: never; kāṅkṣati: desires; samaḥ: equally disposed; sarveṣu: all; bhūteṣu: living entities; madbhaktiṁ: My devotion; labhate: gains; parām: transcendental

18.54 Absorbed in the supreme Being, the serene one neither grieves nor desires. Becoming impartial to all beings, one obtains My highest devotional love.

^ŠV`m _m_{^OmZm{V `mdmÝ` ümpñ_ VÎdV:।& VVm _m VÎdVm kmËdm {deV VXZÝVa_&& 55

bhaktyā: by pure devotional service; mām: Me; abhijānāti: one can know; yāvān: as much as; yaś cā 'smi: as I am; tattvataḥ: in truth; tataḥ: thereafter; māṁ: Me; tattvataḥ: by truth; jñātvā: knowing; viśate: enters; tadanantaram: thereafter

18.55 By devotion one truly understands what and who I am in essence. Having known Me in essence, one immediately merges with Me.

sarva: all; karmāṇi: activities; api: although; sadā: always; kurvāṇaḥ: performing; mat: under My; vyapāśrayaḥ: protection; mat: My; prasādāt: mercy; avāpnoti: achieves; śāśvataṁ: eternal; padam: abode; avyayam: imperishable

18.56 My devotee occupied in everyday life still reaches under My protection the imperishable ultimate abode through my mercy, through devotion to Me.

cetasā: by intelligence; sarvakarmāṇi: all kinds of activities; mayi: unto Me; saṁnyasya: giving up; matparaḥ: My protection; buddhiyogam: devotional activities; upāśritya: taking shelter of; maccittaḥ: consciousness; satataṁ: always; bhava: just become

18.57 While being engaged in activities just depend upon Me, and being fully conscious of Me, work always under My protection.

mat: My; cittaḥ: consciousness; sarva: all; durgāṇi: impediments; mat: My; prasādāt: My mercy; tariṣyasi: you will overcome; atha: therefore; cet: if; tvam: you; ahaṁkārāt: by false ego; na: not; śroṣyasi: do not hear; vinaṅkṣyasi: then lose yourself 18.58 When your mind becomes fixed on Me, you shall overcome all difficulties by My grace. But if you do not listen to Me due to ego, you shall perish.

yat: therefore; ahaṁkāram: false ego; āśritya: taking shelter; na: not; yotsye: shall fight; iti: thus; manyase: think; mithyai 'ṣa: this is all false; vyavasāyas te: your determination; prakṛtiḥ: material nature; tvāṁ: you; niyokṣyati: will engage you

18.59 If due to ego you think: 'I shall not fight,' your resolve is useless, and your own nature will compel you.

svabhāvajena: by one's own nature; kaunteya: O son of Kunti; nibaddhaḥ: conditioned; svena: by one's own; karmaṇa: activities; kartuṁ: to do; na: not; icchasi: like; yat: that; mohāt: by illusion; kariṣyasi: you will act; avaśo: imperceptibly; api: even; tat: that

18.60 O Arjuna, you are controlled by your own natural conditioning. Therefore, you shall do even against your will, what you do not wish to do out of delusion.

īśvaraḥ: the Supreme Lord; sarvabhūtānāṁ: of all living entities; hṛddeśe: in the location of the heart; arjuna: O Arjuna; tiṣṭhati: resides; bhrāmayan: causing to travel; sarvabhūtāni: all living entities; yantra: machine; ārūḍhāni: being so placed; māyayā: under the illusion

18.61 The supreme Lord resides in everyone's heart, O Arjuna, and is directing the activities of all living entities who are acting as machines under the illusion of the material world.

tam: unto Him; eva: certainly; śaraṇaṁ: surrender; gaccha: go; sarva bhāvena: in all respects; bhārata: O son of Bharata; tatprasādāt: by His grace; parāṁ: supreme; śāntiṁ: in peace; sthānaṁ: abode; prāpsyasi: you will get; śāśvatam: eternal

18.62 Surrender to Him completely. By His grace you will attain supreme peace and the eternal abode.

iti: thus; te: unto you; jñānam: knowledge; ākhyātam: described; guhyāt: confidential; guhyataram: still more confidential; mayā: by Me; vimṛśya: by deliberation; etat: that; aśeṣeṇa: fully; yathā: as you; icchasi: you like; tathā: that; kuru: perform

18.63 I have explained the knowledge that is the secret of secrets. After fully reflecting on this, do as you wish.

gdJøV _^`: eU _na _dM:%& Bïm@{g _ÑT{_{V VVm dú`m{_ V {hV_&& 64

sarvaguhyatamaṁ: the most confidential of all; bhūyaḥ: again; śṛṇu: just hear; me: from Me; paramam: the supreme; vacaḥ: instruction; iṣṭo 'si: you are very dear to Me; me: of Me; dṛḍham: very; iti: thus; tataḥ: therefore; vakṣyāmi: I am speaking; te: for your; hitam: benefit

18.64 Because you are My dear friend, I express this truth to you. This is the most confidential of all knowledge. Hear this from Me. It is for your benefit.

_Ý_Zm ^d_غm _ÚmOr _m Z_ñHé& _m_dî`{g gË` V à{VOmZ {à`m@{g _&& 65

manmanāḥ: thinking of Me; bhava: just become; madbhaktaḥ: My devotee; madyājī: My worshiper; māṁ: unto Me; namaskuru: offer your obeisances; māṁ: unto Me; eva: certainly; evai 'syasi: come; satyaṁ: truly; te: to you; pratijāne: I promise; priyaḥ: dear; asi: you are; me: Mine

18.65 Always think of Me and become My devotee. Worship Me and offer your homage unto Me. Thus you will certainly attain to Me. This I promise you because you are My very dear friend.

gdY_mÝn[aE`Á`__m_H§ eaU DO& Ah Ëdm gdnmnä`m_nj{`î`m{__m eM:½&& 66

sarvadharmān: all principles of right conduct; parityajya: abandoning; mām: unto Me; ekaṁ: only; śaraṇaṁ: surrender; vraja: go; ahaṁ: I; tvā: you; sarva: all; pāpebhyaḥ: from sinful reactions; mokṣayiṣyāmi: deliver; mā: not; śucaḥ: worry

18.66 Abandon all principles and concepts of right conduct and simply surrender unto Me. I shall deliver you from all sinful reaction. Have no worry.

BX V ZmVnñHm` Zm^ºm` H$XmMZ& Z MneI fd dmÀ` Z M_m`m@ä`g`{V½&& 67

idaṁ: this; te: you; na: never; atapaskāya: one who is not austere; na: never; abhaktāya: one who is not a devotee; kadācana: at any time; na: never; ca: also; aśuśrūṣave: one who is not engaged in devotional service; vācyaṁ: to be spoken; na: never; ca: also; māṁ: unto Me; yaḥ: anyone; abhyasūyati: envious

18.67 This knowledge should never be spoken by you to one who is devoid of austerity, who is without devotion, who does not desire to listen, or who speaks ill of Me.

`BX na_Jø_غ§îd{^Ymñ`{V& ^qº§_{` nam H$Ëdm_m_dî`Ë`ge`:½&& 68

yaḥ: anyone; idam: this; paramam: most; guhyam: confidential; mat: Mine; bhakteṣu: amongst devotees of; abhidhāsyati: explains; bhaktim: devotional service; mayi: unto Me; parām: transcendental; kṛtvā: having done; mām: unto Me; eva: certainly; eṣyati: comes; asaṁśayaḥ: without doubt

18.68 One who communicates the supreme secret to the devotees performs the highest devotional service to Me, and at the end he will without doubt, come back to Me.

na: never; ca: and; tasmāt: therefore; manuṣyeṣu: among mankind; kaścit: anyone; me: My; priya kṛttamaḥ: more dear; bhavitā: will become; na: nor; ca: and; me: My; tasmāt: than him; anyaḥ: other; priyataraḥ: dearer; bhuvi: in this world

18.69 No other person shall do a more pleasing service to Me, and no one on the earth shall be more dear to Me.

adhyeṣyate: will study; ca: also; ya: he; imam: this; dharmyam: sacred; saṁvādam: conversation; āvayoḥ: of ours; jñāna: knowledge; yajñena: by sacrifice; tena: by him; aham: I; iṣṭaḥ: worshiped; syām: shall be; iti: thus; me: My; matiḥ: opinion

18.70 I say that One who studies this sacred dialogue worships Me by sacrifice of his intelligence.

śraddhāvān: faithful; anasūyaś ca: and not envious; śṛṇuyāt: does hear; api: certainly; yaḥ: who; naraḥ: a man; saḥ: he; api: also; muktaḥ: being liberated; śubhān: auspicious; lokān: planets; prāpnuyāt: attains; puṇya karmaṇām: of those with merit

18.71 One who listens with faith and without envy becomes free from sinful reactions and attains to the planets where those of merit dwell.

kaccit: whether; etat: this; śrutam: heard; pārtha: O son of Pritha; tvaya: by you; ekāgreṇa: with full attention; cetasā: by the mind; kaccit: whether; ajñāna: ignorant; saṁmohaḥ: illusion; pranaṣṭaḥ: dispelled; te: of you; dhanañjaya: O conqueror of wealth (Arjuna)

18.72 O Arjuna, did you listen to this with single-minded attention? Has your delusion born of ignorance been completely destroyed?

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Arjuna uvāca

Arjuna uvāca: Arjuna said; naṣṭaḥ: dispelled; mohaḥ: illusion; smṛtiḥ: memory; labdhā: regained; tvatprasādāt: by Your mercy; mayā: by me; acyuta: O infallible Krishna; sthitaḥ: situated; asmi: I am; gata: removed; saṁdehaḥ: all doubts; kariṣye: I shall execute; vacanaṁ: order; tava: Your

Sañjaya uvāca: Sanjaya said; iti: thus; ahaṁ: I; vāsudevasya: of Krishna; pārthasya: of Arjuna; ca: also; mahātmanaḥ: two great souls; saṁvādaṁ: discussing; imam: this; aśrauṣam: heard; adbhutaṁ: wonder; romaharṣaṇam: hair standing on end

ì`mgàgmXmÀNVdmZVXJø_h na_Ý& `mJ`mJœamËH¥îUmËgmjmËHW`V: ñd`_Ý&& 75Ý

vyasāprasādāt: by the mercy of Vyasadeva; śrutavān: heard; etat: this; guhyam: confidential; ahaṁ: I; param: the supreme; yogaṁ: mysticism; yogeśvarāt: from the master of all mysticism; kṛṣnāt: from Krishna; sākṣāt: directly; kathayataḥ: speaking; svayam: personally 18.75 By the mercy of Vyasa, I have heard these most confidential words directly from Krishna, the master of all mysticism, who was speaking personally to Arjuna.

rājan: O King; saṁsmṛtya: remembering; saṁsmṛtya: remembering; saṁvādam: message; imam: this; adbhutam: wonderful; keśava: Lord Krishna; arjunayoḥ: and Arjuna; puṇyaṁ: pious; hṛṣyāmi: taking pleasure; ca: also; muhur-muhuḥ: always, repeatedly

18.76 O King, as I repeatedly recall this wondrous and holy dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna, I take pleasure, being thrilled every moment.

tat: that; ca: also; saṁsmṛtya: remembering; saṁsmṛtya: remembering; rūpam: form; ati: great; adbhutaṁ: wonderful; hareḥ: of Lord Krishna; vismayaḥ: wonder; me: my; mahān: great; rājan: O King; hṛṣyāmi: enjoying; ca: also; punaḥ-punaḥ: repeatedly

18.77 O King, when I remember the wonderful form of Lord Krishna, I am struck with even greater wonder, and I rejoice again and again.

yatra: where; yogeśvaraḥ: the master of mysticism; kṛṣṇaḥ: Lord Krishna; yatra: where; pārthaḥ: the son of Pritha; dhanurdharaḥ: the carrier of the bow and arrow; tatra: there; śrīḥ: opulence; vijayaḥ: victory; bhūtiḥ: exceptional power; dhruvā: certain; nītiḥ: morality; matir mama: is my opinion.

18.78 Wherever there is Krishna, the master of all mystics, and wherever there is Partha, the supreme carrier of bow and arrow, there will certainly be opulence, victory, extraordinary power, and morality. That is my opinion.

B{V ¶r_ØJdòrVmgn{ZfËg ~÷{dÚm`m `mJemó IrH$îUmOZgdmX _mjgÝ`mg`mJm Zm_ AîQmdXem{Ü`m`… ½&&

iti śrīmad bhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyām yogaśāstre śrī kṛṣṇārjuna saṁvāde mokṣa saṁnyāsa yogo nāma aṣṭādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

In the Upaniṣad of the Bhagavad gita, the knowledge of Brahman, the Supreme, the science of Yoga and the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna, this is the eighteenth discourse designated: