Verses Of Gita Chapter - 4🔗

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śrī bhagavān uvāca: the Lord said; imam: this; vivasvate: to the Sun god; yogam: the science of yoga; proktavān: instructed; aham: I; avyayam: imperishable; vivasvān: Sun god; manave: to Manu, the father of mankind; prāha: told; manuḥ: Manu; ikṣvākave: to King Ikshvaaku; abravīt: said

4.1 The Lord said: ‘I taught the sun god, Vivasvan, the imperishable science of yoga and Vivasvan taught Manu, the father of mankind and Manu in turn taught Ikshvaku.’

evam: thus; paramparā: Master-disciple succession; prāptam: received; imam: this science; rājarṣayaḥ: the saintly kings; viduḥ: understood; saḥ: that knowledge; kālena: in the course of time; iha: in this world; mahatā: by great; yogaḥ: the science of yoga; naṣṭaḥ: lost; paraṁtapa: subduer of the enemies 4.2 The supreme science was thus received through the chain of master-disciple succession and the saintly kings understood it in that way. In the course of time, the succession was broken and therefore the science as it was appears to have been lost.

saḥ: that; eva: only; ayaṁ: this; mayā : by Me; te: to you; adya: today; yogaḥ: the science of yoga; proktaḥ: spoken; purātanaḥ: very old; bhaktaḥ: devotee; asi: you are; me: My; sakhā : friend; ca: also; iti: therefore; rahasyaṁ: mystery; hi: because etat: this; uttamaṁ: supreme

4.3 That ancient science of enlightenment, or entering into eternal bliss, is today taught by me to you because you are my devotee as well as my friend. You will certainly understand the supreme mystery of this science.

arjuna uvāca: Arjuna said; aparaṁ: of recent origin; bhavataḥ: Your; janma: birth; paraṁ: very old; janma: birth; vivasvataḥ: of the Sun god; kathaṁ: how; etat: this; vijā nī yāṁ: can I understand; tvaṁ: You; ādau: in the beginning; proktavān: instructed; iti: thus

4.4 Arjuna said: 'Oh Krishna, you are younger to the sun god Vivasvan by birth. How am I to understand that in the beginning you instructed this science to him?'

~h{Z _ ì`VrVm{Z OÝ_m{Z Vd MmOZ l& VmÝ`h dX gdmf{U Z Ed dEW naÝVn l&& 4.5

śrī bhagavān uvāca: The Lord said; bahūni: many; me: of Mine; vyatī tā ni: have passed; janmāni: births; tava: yours; ca: also; arjuna: O Arjuna; tā ni: all of those; ahaṁ: I; veda: do know; sarvāṇi: all; na: not; tvaṁ: yourself; vettha: know; paraṁtapa: O scorcher of the foes

4.5 The Lord said: Many many births both you and I have passed. I can remember all of them, but you cannot, O Parantapa!

àHśqV ñdm_{Yðm` g^dmå`mË__m```m l&& 4.6

ajaḥ: unborn; api: also; san: being so; avyaya: instructible; atmā: spirit; bhūtānāṁ: living entities; īśvaraḥ: supreme Lord; api: also; san: being so; prakṛtiṁ: nature; svāṁ: of Myself; adhiṣṭhāya: keeping under control; saṁbhavāmi: I come into being; ātmamāyayā: by My divine potency.

4.6 Although I am unborn, imperishable and the lord of all living entities, by ruling my nature I reappear by my own māyā.

Aä`ËWmZ_Y_ñ` VXmË_mZ gOmå`h_ l&& 4.7

yadā -yadā: whenever; hi: well; dharmasya: of righteousness; glāniḥ: decline; bhavati: takes place; bhārata: O descendant of Bharata; abhyutthānam: predominance; adharmasya: of unrighteousness; tadā: at that time; ātmānaṁ: self; sṛjāmi: bring forth; ahaṁ: I

4.7 When positive consciousness declines, when collective negativity rises, Again and again, at these times, I am reborn.

paritrāṇāya: for the protection of; sādhūnāṁ: of the pious; vināśāya: to destruction; ca: also; duṣkṛtām: of the wicked; dharma: righteousness; saṁsthāpanārthāya: to establish; saṁbhavāmi: I manifest; yuge-yuge: age after age

4.8 To nurture the pious and to annihilate the wicked, to re-establish righteousness I am reborn, age after age.

janma: birth; karma: work; ca: and; me: of Mine; divyam: divine; evaṁ: so also; yaḥ: anyone whoever; vetti: knows; tattvataḥ: in reality; tyaktvā: after leaving aside; dehaṁ: body; punaḥ: again; janma: birth; na: never; eti: attains; mām: unto Me; eti: does attain; saḥ: he; arjuna: Arjuna

4.9 One who knows or experiences my divine appearance and activities does not take birth again in this material world after leaving the body but attains me, o Arjuna.

vīta: free from; rāga: passion; bhaya: fear; krodhāḥ: anger; manmayā: fully absorbed in Me; mām: unto Me; upāśritāḥ: taking refuge; bahavaḥ: many beings; jñāna: wisdom; tapasā: by penance; pūtāḥ: sanctified; mad bhāvaṁ: My nature; āgatāḥ: attained

4.10 Being freed from attachment, fear and anger, being filled with me and by taking refuge in me, many beings in the past have become sanctified by the knowledge of me and have realized me.

ye: whoever; yathā: whatever way; māṁ: unto Me; prapadyante: seek; tān: unto them; tathā eva: in the same way; bhajāmi: I approach; aham: I; mama: My; vartma: of the path; anuvartante: follow; manuṣyāḥ: people; pārtha: son of Pritha; sarvaśaḥ: in all respects

4.11 I reward everyone, I show myself to all people, according to the manner in which they surrender unto me, in the manner that they are devoted to me, O Paartha!

kāṅkṣantaḥ: desiring; karmaṇāṁ: of activities; siddhiṁ: success; yajante: worship; iha: in this world; devatāḥ: gods; kṣipraṁ: quickly; hi: for; mānuṣe loke: in human society; siddhiḥ bhavati: success comes; karmajā: born of action

4.12 Men in this world desire success from activities and therefore they worship the gods. Men get instant results from active work in this world.

cāturvarṇyaṁ: the four divisions of human society; mayā: by Me; sṛṣṭaṁ: created; guṇa: attribute; karma: work; vibhāgaśaḥ: in terms of division; tasya: of that; kartāraṁ: doer; api: although; māṁ: Me; viddhi: know; akartāraṁ: as the non-doer; avyayaṁ: immortal

4.13 Depending upon the distribution of the three attributes or guṇas and action, I have created the four castes. Yet, I am to be known as the non-doer, the unchangeable.

na: never; māṁ: Me; karmāṇi: work; limpanti: affect; na: not; me: My; karmaphale: in fruits of action; spṛhā: longing for; iti: thus; māṁ: Me; yaḥ: one who; abhijānāti: understands; karmabhiḥ: by the action; na: never; saḥ: he; badhyate: is bound.

4.14 I am not affected by any work; nor do I long for the outcome of such work. One who understands this truth about me also does not get caught in the bondage of work.

evaṁ: thus; jñātvā: knowing well; kṛtaṁ: performed; karma: work; pūrvaiḥ: by the ancient people; api: also; mumukṣubhiḥ: by those seeking liberation; kuru: perform; karma: prescribed duty; eva: only; tasmāt: therefore; tvaṁ: you; pūrvaiḥ: by the predecessors; pūrvataraṁ: as in the past; kṛtaṁ: as performed

4.15 All the wise and liberated souls of ancient times have acted with this understanding and thus attained liberation. Just as the ancients did, perform your duty with this understanding.

kiṁ: what; karma: action; kiṁ: what; akarma: inaction; iti: thus; kavayaḥ: the wise; api: also; atra: in this matter; mohitāḥ: confused; tat: that; te: unto you; karma: action; pravakṣyāmi: I shall explain; yat: which; jñātvā: after knowing; mokṣyase: be liberated; aśubhāt: from ills

What is action and what is inaction, even the wise are confused. Let me explain to you what action is, knowing which you shall be liberated from all ills.

karmaṇaḥ: of action; hi: for; api: also; boddhavyaṁ: should be understood; boddhavyaṁ: to be understood; ca: also; vikarmaṇaḥ: wrong action; akarmaṇaḥ: inaction; ca: also; boddhavyaṁ: should be understood; gahanā: mysterious; karmaṇaḥ: of action; gatiḥ: way.

4.17 The complexities of action are very difficult to understand. Understand fully the nature of proper action by understanding the nature of wrong action and inaction.

karmaṇi: in action; akarma: inaction; yaḥ: one who; paśyet: sees; akarmaṇi: in inaction; ca: also; karma: action; yaḥ: one who; saḥ: he; buddhimān: wise; manuṣyeṣu: among men; saḥ: he; yuktaḥ: yogi; kṛtsnakarmakṛt: engaged in all activities

4.18 He who sees inaction in action and action in inaction, is wise and a yogi, Even if engaged in all activities.

yasya: one whose; sarve: all kinds of; samārambhāḥ: in all situations; kāma: desire for sense gratification; saṁkalpa: purpose; varjitāḥ: devoid of; jñāna: of perfect knowledge; agni: fire; dagdhā karmāṇaṁ: whose actions have been burnt; taṁ: him; āhuḥ: declare; paṇḍitaṁ: wise; budhāḥ: the wise.

4.19 He who is determined and devoid of all desires for sense gratification, he is of perfect knowledge. The sages declare such a person wise whose actions are burnt by the fire of knowledge.

tyaktvā : having given up; karmaphalāsaṅgaṁ: attachment to results of action; nitya: always; tṛptaḥ: satisfied; nirāśrayaḥ: without shelter; karmaṇi: in action; abhipravṛttaḥ: being fully engaged; api: although; na: does not; eva: verily; kiṁcit: anything; karoti: does; saḥ: he

4.20 Having given up all attachment to the results of his action, always satisfied and independent, the wise man does not act, though he is engaged in all kinds of action.

nirāśīḥ: without desire for the result; yata: controlled; cittātmā: mind and consciousness; tyakta: giving up; sarva: all; parigrahaḥ: sense of ownership; śārīraṁ: body; kevalaṁ: only; karma: work; kurvan: doing so; na: never; āpnoti: acquire; kilbiṣaṁ: sin

4.21 The person who acts without desire for the result; with his consciousness controlling the mind, giving up all sense of ownership over his possessions and body and only working, incurs no sin.

yadṛcchā lābha: what is obtained unsought; saṁtuṣṭaḥ: satisfied; dvandva: pairs of opposites; atītaḥ: surpassed; vimatsaraḥ: free from envy; samaḥ: equal; siddhau: in success; asiddhau: in failure; ca: also; kṛtvā: after doing; api: even; na: never; nibadhyate: bound

4.22 He who is satisfied with profit which comes of its own accord and who has gone beyond duality, who is free from envy, who is in equanimity both in success and failure, such a person though doing action, is never affected.

gatasaṅgasya: unattached to the modes of material nature; muktasya: of the liberated; jñānā: knowledge; vasthita: established; cetasaḥ: of such spirit; yajñāya: for the sake of sacrifice; ācarataḥ: practice; karma: work; samagraṁ: in total; pravilī yate: melts away.

4.23 The work of a liberated man who is unattached to the modes of material nature and who is fully centered in the ultimate knowledge, who works totally for the sake of sacrifice, merges entirely into the knowledge.

brahma: supreme; arpaṇaṁ: offering; brahma: supreme; haviḥ: oblation; brahma: supreme; agnau: in the fire of; brahmaṇā: by the supreme; hutam: offered; brahma: supreme; eva: only; tena: by him; gantavyaṁ: to be reached; brahma: supreme; karma: action; samādhinā: by complete absorption

4.24 The offering, the offered butter to the supreme in the fire of the supreme is offered by the supreme. Certainly, the supreme can be reached by him who is absorbed completely in action.

daivaṁ: gods; eva: only; apare: others; yajñaṁ: sacrifices; yoginaḥ: yogis; paryupāsate: worship; brahma: supreme; agnau: in the fire; apare: others; yajñaṁ: sacrifice; yajñena: by sacrifice; eva: only; upajuhvati: offer as sacrifice.

4.25 Some yogis worship the gods by offering various sacrifices to them, While others worship by offering sacrifices in the fire of the supreme.

śrotrādīnī: organ of hearing; indriyāṇi: senses; anye: others; saṁyama: self discipline; agniṣu: in the fire; juhvati: offers as sacrifice; śabdādīn: sound vibrations; viṣayān: objects of sense gratification; anye: others; indriya: of sense organs; agniṣu: in the fire; juhvati: sacrifice

4.26 Some sacrifice the hearing process and other senses in the fire of equanimity and others offer as sacrifice the objects of the senses, such as sound, in the fire of the sacrifice.

sarvāṇi: all; indriya: senses; karmāṇi: actions; prāṇakarmāṇi: activities of the life breath; ca: also; apare: others; ātmasaṁyama: self control; yoga: yoga; agnau: in the fire of; juhvati: offers; jñāna dīpite: kindled by wisdom.

4.27 One who is interested in knowledge offers all the actions due to the senses, including the action of taking in the life breath into the fire of yoga and is engaged in the yoga of the equanimity of the mind.

Xì``kmñVnm`km `mJ`kmñVWmna Ý& ñdmÜ`m`kmZ`kmü `V`: g{eVdVm: Ý&& 4.28

dravya: material wealth; yajñāḥ : sacrifice; tapo: penance; yajñāḥ : sacrifice; yoga: yoga; yajñāḥ: sacrifice; tathā : and; apare: others; svādhyāya: self-study; jñāna: knowledge; yajñāḥ: sacrifice; ca: and; yatayaḥ: striving souls; saṁśita vratāḥ: those of strict vows.

4.28 There is the sacrifice of material wealth, sacrifice through penance, sacrifice through yoga and other sacrifices while there is sacrifice through self- study and through strict vows

AnmZ O^{V àmU àmU@nmZ VWmna Ý& àmUnmZJVr éXÜdm àmUm`m_nam`Um: Ý&& 4.29

apāne: in the out going breath; juhvati: sacrifice; prāṇaṁ: life energy; prāṇe: in the life energy; apānaṁ: the outgoing breath; tathā : thus; apare: others; prāṇa: inhaling; apāna: exhaling; gatī : movement; ruddhvā : after restraining; prāṇāyāma: breath control; parāyaṇāḥ : so inclined

4.29 There are others who sacrifice the life energy in the form of incoming breath and outgoing breath, thus checking the movement of the incoming and outgoing breaths and controlling the breath.

Ana {Z`Vmhmam: àmUmÝàmUf O^{V Ý& gd@ß`V `k{dXm `kj{nVH$ë_fm: Ý&& 4.30

apare: others; niyata: controlled; āhārāḥ: eating; prāṇān: vital energy; prāṇeṣu: in the vital energy; juhvati: sacrifice; sarve api ete: all of these; yajñavidaḥ: those knowing sacrifice; yajña kṣapita kalmaṣāḥ: those destroying their sins through sacrifice.

4.30 There are others who sacrifice through controlled eating and offering the outgoing breath, life energy. All these people know the meaning of sacrifice and are purified of sin or karma.

yajñaśiṣṭa: left over of sacrifice; amṛta: nectar; bhujaḥ: one who enjoys; yānti: attain; brahma: supreme; sanātanam: eternal; na: not; ayam: this; lokaḥ: world; asti: is; ayajñasya: to one who does not sacrifice; kutaḥ: where; anyaḥ: other; kuru sattama: O best among the Kurus

4.31 Having tasted the nectar of the results of such sacrifices, they go to the supreme eternal consciousness. This world is not for those who have not sacrificed. How can the other be, Arjuna?

evaṁ: thus; bahu: many; vidhāḥ: kinds of; yajñāḥ: sacrifice; vitatā: explained; brahmaṇaḥ mukhe: in the words of the Veda; karmajān: born of actions of mind, sense and body; viddhi: know; tān: those; sarvān: all; evaṁ: thus; jñātvā: after knowing; vimokṣyase: will be liberated

4.32 Thus, there are many kinds of sacrifices born of work mentioned in the Vedas. Thus, knowing these, one will be liberated.

I`ñÝĐi``_`mÚkñÁkmZ`k: naVn`& gd H$_m{Ib nmW kmZ n[ag_mß`V Y&& 4.33

śreyān: superior; dravyamayāt: material wealth; yajñāt: sacrifice; jñāna yajñaḥ: sacrifice in wisdom; paraṁtapa: O subduer of foes; sarvaṁ: all; karma: activities; akhilaṁ: in totality; pārtha: O son of Pritha; jñāne: in wisdom; parisamāpyate: ends in

4.33 O conqueror of foes, the sacrifice of wisdom is superior to the sacrifice of material wealth. After all, all activities totally end in wisdom.

V{Û[Õ à{UnmVZ n[aàýZ gd`m`& CnXú`pÝV V kmZ km{ZZñVÎdX{eZ: Y&& 4.34

tat: that; viddhi: understand; praṇipātena: by approaching a spiritual master; paripraśnena: by questioning; sevayā: by offering service; upadekṣyanti: will advise; te: unto you; jñānaṁ: knowledge; jñāninaḥ: the enlightened; tattva darśinaḥ: the spiritual seers.

4.34 Understand these truths by approaching a spiritual master, by asking him your questions, by offering service. The enlightened person can initiate the wisdom unto you because he has seen the truth

`ÁkmËdm Z nZ_mh_d``mñ`{g nmÊS[d`& `Z ^VmÝ`efU Đú`ñ`mË_Ý`Wm_{`Y&& 4.35

yaj: which; jñātvā: after knowing; na: not; punaḥ: again; mohaṁ: desire; evaṁ: thus; yāsyasi: shall attain; pāṇḍava: O son of Pandu; yena: by which; bhūtāni: living entities; aśeṣeṇa: totally; drakṣyasi: will see; ātmani: within yourself; atho: then; mayi: in Me

4.35 O Pandava, knowing this you will never suffer from desire or illusion, you will know that all living beings are in the supreme, in Me.

api: even; cet: if; asi: you are; pāpebhyaḥ: of sinners; sarvebhyaḥ: of all; pāpa: sins; kṛttamaḥ: greatest sinner; sarvaṁ: all; jñāna plavena: by the boat of knowledge; eva: only; vṛjinaṁ: the ocean of miseries; saṁtariṣyasi: you will cross.

4.36 Even if you are the most sinful of all sinners, you will certainly cross completely the ocean of miseries through the boat of knowledge.

yathā: as; edhāṁsi: firewood; samiddhaḥ: blazing; agniḥ: fire; bhasmasāt: ashes; kurute: does; arjuna: O Arjuna; jñāna: knowledge; agniḥ: fire; sarva: all; karmāṇi: actions; bhasmasāt: ashes; kurute: does; tathā: in the same way.

4.37 Just as a blazing fire turns firewood to ashes, O Arjuna, so does the fire of wisdom burn to ashes all actions, all your karma.

na: not; hi: certainly; jñānena: with knowledge; sadṛśaṁ: similar; pavitraṁ: pure; iha: here; vidyate: exists; tat: that; svayaṁ: himself; yoga: in devotion; saṁsiddhaḥ: purified; kālena: in course time; ātmani: within self; vindati: acquires.

4.38 Truly, in this world, there is nothing as pure as wisdom. One who has matured to know this enjoys in himself in due course of time.

śraddhāvān: faithful person; labhate: achieves; jñānaṁ: knowledge; tatparaḥ: attached; saṁyata: controlled; indriyaḥ: senses; jñānaṁ: knowledge; labdhvā: having achieved; parāṁ: supreme; śāntiṁ: peace; acireṇa: without delay; adhigacchati: attains

4.39 A person with śraddhā (courageous faith) achieves wisdom and has control over the senses. Achieving wisdom, without delay, he attains supreme peace.

ajñaḥ: ignorant; ca: and; aśraddadhānaḥ: one having no faith; ca: and; saṁśayātmā: douting soul; vinaśyati: perish; na: not; ayam: this; lokaḥ: world; asti: is; na: not; paraḥ: next; na: not; sukhaṁ: happiness; saṁśayātmanaḥ: of the doubting soul.

4.40 Those who have no wisdom and faith, who always have doubts, are destroyed. There is no happiness in this world or the next.

yoga saṁnyasta karmāṇaṁ: on who has dedicated his actions to god according to Karma yoga; jñānasaṁchinna saṁśayaṁ: who doubts have been cleared by knowledge; ātmavantaṁ: self possessed; na: not; karmāṇi: actions; nibadhnanti: bind; dhanaṁjaya: O Dhananjaya

4.41 O winner of riches, one who has renounced the fruits of his actions, whose doubts are destroyed, who is well-situated in the self, is not bound by his actions.

tasmāt: therefore; ajñāna: ignorance; saṁbhūtaṁ: born of; hṛtsthaṁ: situated in the heart; jñānāsinā: by the sword of knowledge; ātmanaḥ: of the self; chittvā: having cutting off; enaṁ: this; saṁśayaṁ: doubt; yogam: in yoga; ātiṣṭha: be firm; uttiṣṭha: stand up; bhārata: O descendant of Bharata

4.42 O descendant of Bharata, therefore, stand up, be situated in yoga. Armed with the sword of knowledge; cut the doubt born of ignorance that exists in your heart.

B{V lr_ØJdòrVmgn{ZfËg ~÷{dÚm`m `mJemó lrH¥îUmOZgdmX kmZH_gÝ`mg`mJm Zm_ MVWm@Ü`m`: l&&2l iti śrī mad bhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyām yogaśāstre śrī kṛṣṇārjuna saṁvāde jñānakarma saṁnyāsa yogo nāma caturtho'dhyāyaḥ ||

In the Upaniṣad of the Bhagavad gita, the knowledge of Brahman, the Supreme, the science of Yoga and the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna, this is the fourth discourse designated: