Verses of Gita Chapter - 1🔗

AW àW_n[?]Ù`n`:

Arjunaviṣāda Yogaḥ

dhṛtarāṣṭra: Dhritarashtra; uvāca: said; dharmakṣetre: in the place of righteousness; kurukṣetre: in this location of kurukshetra; samavetāḥ: gathered; yuyutsavaḥ: desiring to fight; māmakāḥ: my people; pāṇḍavāḥ: the sons of Pandu; ca: and; eva: also; kiṁ: what; akurvata: did they do; sañjaya: O Sanjaya

1.1 king Dhritarashtra asked: O Sanjaya, on this righteous location of Kurukshetra, what did my sons and those of Pandu ready to fight, do?

sañjaya: Sanjaya; uvāca: said; dṛṣṭvā: having seen; tu: indeed; pāṇḍavānīkaṁ: the Pandava army; vyūḍhaṁ: arranged in formation; duryodhanaḥ: Duryodhana; tadā: then; ācāryam: the teacher; upasaṅgamya: approaching; rājā: the king; vacanam: words; abravīt: said

1.2 Sanjaya said: O king, looking at the Pandava army in full formation, Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke.

pasya: behold; etāṁ: this; pāṇḍuputrānām: of the sons of Pandu; ācārya: O teacher; mahatīṁ: great; camūm: army; vyūḍhām: formed; drupada-putreṇa: by the son of Drupada; tava śiṣyeṇa: by disciple; dhīmatā: intelligent

1.3 O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Pandu, arrayed for battle by your intelligent disciple, the son of Drupada.

atra: here; śūrāḥ: heroes; maheṣvāsāḥ: mighty archers; bhīmārjuna: Bhima and Arjuna; samāḥ: equal; yudhi: in battle; yuyudhānaḥ: Yuyudhana; virāṭaḥ: Virata; ca: and; drupadaḥ: Drupada; ca: and; mahārathaḥ: great charioteers

1.4 Here in this army there are many heroes wielding mighty bows, and equal in military prowess to Bhima and Arjuna - Yuyudhaana, Virata, and the great chariot warrior Drupada.

dhṛṣṭaketuḥ: Dhrshtaketu; cekitānaḥ: Chekitaana; kāśirājaḥ: Kaasiraaja; ca: and; vīryavān: courageous; purujit: Purujit; kuntibhojaḥ: Kuntibhoja; ca: and; śaibyaḥ: Saibya; ca: and; narapuṅgavaḥ: best of men

1.5 There are courageous warriors like Dhrshtaketu, Chekitana, Kasiraja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and Saibya, the best of men.

yudhāmanyuḥ: Yudhamanyu; ca: and; vikrāntaḥ: mighty; uttamaujāḥ: Uttamauja; ca: and; vīryavān: brave; saubhadraḥ: the son of Subhadra; draupadeyāḥ: the sons of Draupadi; ca: and; sarva: all; eva: certainly; mahārathāḥ: great chariot fighters.

1.6 There are the mighty Yudhamanyu, the brave Uttamauja, Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra and the sons of Draupadi, all of them great chariot warriors.

asmākaṁ: our; tu: also; viśiṣṭāḥ: important; ye: who; tān: those; nibodha: know; dvijottama: the best of the brāhmaṇas; nāyakāḥ: leaders; mama: my; sainyasya: of the army; saṁjñārthaṁ: for information; tān: them; bravīmi: I speak; te: to you.

1.7 O best of the brāhmaṇas, know them also, who are the principal warriors on our side the generals of my army; for your information I mention them.

bhavān: your self; bhīṣmaḥ: grandfather Bhishma; ca: and; karṇaḥ: Karna; ca: and; kṛpaḥ: Krpa; ca: and; samitiṁjayaḥ: victorious in war; aśvatthāmā: Asvathaama; vikarṇaḥ: Vikarna; ca: and; saumadattiḥ: the son of Somadatta; tathā: thus as; eva: only; ca: and

1.8 They are yourself, Bhishma, Karna, Krupa who is ever victorious in battle and even so Asvatthama, Vikarna and the son of Somadatta.

anye: many others; ca: also; bahavaḥ: in great numbers; śūrāḥ: heroes; mad arthe: for my sake; tyakta jīvitāḥ: prepared to risk life; nānā: many; śastra: weapons; praharaṇāḥ: equipped with; sarve: all of them; yuddha: battle; viśāradāḥ: experienced in military science.

1.9 There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science.

aparyāptaṁ: unlimited; tat: that; asmākaṁ: of ours; balaṁ: strength; bhīṣmābhi rakṣitam: protected by Bhishma; paryāptaṁ: limited; tu: but; idaṁ: all this; eteṣāṁ: their; balaṁ: strength; bhīmābhi rakṣitam: protected by Bhima

1.10 This army of ours protected by Bhishma is invincible whereas their army protected by Bhima is conquerable.

ayaneṣu: in the divisions; ca: and; sarveṣu: everywhere; yathā bhāgam: as per the divisions; avasthitāḥ: situated; bhīṣmam: to Bhisma; eva: alone; abhi rakṣantu: protect; bhavantaḥ: you; sarva: all; eva: only; hi: indeed

1.11 Stationed in your respective divisions on all fronts, all of you must give full protection to Bhishma.

tasya: his; sañjanayan: causing; harṣaṁ: joy; kuru vṛddhaḥ: old man of the Kuru dynasty; pitāmahaḥ: the grandfather; siṁha nādaṁ: lion's roar; vinadya: causing to sound; uccaiḥ: loudly; śaṅkhaṁ: conch; dadhmau: blew; pratāpavān: mighty

1.12 Then Bhishma, the grand old man of the Kuru dynasty, their glorious grandfather, roared like a lion and blew his conch, giving Duryodhana joy.

tataḥ: then; śaṅkhāḥ: conches; ca: and; bheryaś ca paṇavānaka: drums, bugles, horns and trumpets; gomukhāḥ: cow horns; sahasā eva: quite suddenly abhyahanyanta: blared; saḥ: that; śabdaḥ: sound; tumulaḥ: tumultuous; abhavat: became

1.13 Then, conches, bugles, trumpets, drums and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.

tataḥ: then; śvetaiḥ: by white; hayaiḥ: horses; yukte: being yoked; mahati: magnificent; syandane: chariot; sthitau: seated; mādhavaḥ: Madhava, Shree Krishna; pāṇḍavaḥ: son of Pandu; ca: and; eva: only; divyau: divine; śaṅkhau: conches; pradadhmatuḥ: blew

1.14 Then, seated on a magnificent chariot drawn by white horses, both Krishna and Arjuna sounded their divine conches.

pāñcajanyaṁ: the conch named Panchajanya; hṛṣīkeśaḥ: Hrsheekesha, one who directs the senses; devadattaṁ: the conch named Devadatta; dhanaṁjayaḥ: Dhananjaya, the winner of wealth; pauṇḍraṁ: the conch named Paundra; dadhmau: blew; mahā-śaṅkhaṁ: the great conch; bhīma karmā: one who performs terrible tasks; vṛkodaraḥ: one with the belly of a wolf

1.15 Then, Krishna blew His conch, called Pancajanya; Arjuna blew his, called Devadatta; and Bhima blew his mighty conch called Paundra.

anantavijayaṁ: the conch named Ananta-vijaya; rājā: the king; kuntī putraḥ: the son of Kunti; yudhiṣṭhiraḥ: Yudhishthira; nakulaḥ: Nakula; sahadevaḥ: Sahadeva; ca: and; sughoṣa maṇipuṣpakau: the conches named Sughosha and Manipushpaka; kāśyaḥ: the king of Kasi (Varanasi); ca: and; parameṣvāsaḥ: the great archer; śikhaṇḍī: Shikhandi; ca: and; mahā rathaḥ: great chariot warrior; dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ: Dhrstadyumna; virāṭaḥ: Virata; ca: and; sātyakiḥ: Saatyaki; ca: and; aparājitaḥ: invincible; drupadaḥ: Drupada; draupadeyāḥ: the sons of Draupadi; ca: also; sarvaśaḥ: all; pṛ thivī pate: king of the earth; saubhadraḥ: the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu); ca: and; mahā bāhuḥ: mighty-armed; śaṅkhān: conches; dadhmuḥ blew; pṛthak pṛthak: severally

1.16, 17, 18 King Yhudhisthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conch, the Anantavijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew theirs known as Sughosha and Manipushpaka. The excellent archer, the king of Kasi, the great chariot-fighter Sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna, Virata and the invincible Satyaki, Drupada, the sons of Draupadi, and the mighty-armed Abhimanyu, son of Subhadra, all of them O king, blew their own conches.

saḥ: that; ghoṣaḥ: uproar; dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ: of the sons of Dhritarashtra; hṛdayāni: hearts; vyadārayat: broke; nabhaḥ: the sky; ca: and; pṛthivīṁ: the earth; ca: and; eva: only; tumulaḥ: tumultous; vyanunādayan: resounding

1.19 The terrible sound echoing through the sky and the earth rent the hearts of the sons of Dhritarashtra.

atha: now; vyavasthitān: stationed; dṛṣṭvā: seeing; dhārtarāṣṭrān: the sons of Dhritarashtra; kapidhvajaḥ: one whose flag is marked with the ape; pravṛtte: about to begin; śastrasaṁpāte: the arrows released; dhanuḥ: bow; udyamya: after taking up; pāṇḍavaḥ: the son of Pandu; hṛṣīkeśaṁ: to Hrishikesa; tadā: then; vākyaṁ: words; idaṁ: this; āha: said; mahī pate: O Lord of the earth

1.20 Seeing the sons of Dhritarashtra arrayed in the battle field, Arjuna, the son of Pandu, who was seated in his chariot, bearing the flag marked with Hanuman, took up his bow.

AOZ CdmM gZ`m‚^`m_Ü` aW ñWmn` _@À`V Ý&& 1.21

`mdXVm{Parj@h `mÕH$m_mZdpñWVmZ Ý& H$_`m gh `mÕì`_pñ_Z aUg_Ú_ Ý&& 1.22

arjuna uvāca

arjuna: Arjuna; uvāca: said; senayoḥ: of the armies; ubhayoḥ: of both; madhye: in between; rathaṁ: the chariot; sthāpaya: position; me: my; acyuta: O infallible one; yāvat: while; etān: all these; nirīkṣe: behold; ahaṁ: I; yoddhu kāmān: desiring to fight; avasthitān: standing; kaiḥ: with whom; mayā: by me; saha: with; yoddhavyam: to be fought; asmin: in this; raṇasamudyame: situation of war;

1.21, 22 Arjuna said: O Infallible One, please place my chariot between the two armies while I may observe these warriors arrayed for battle and with whom I have to engage in fight.

`mËñ`_mZmZdj@h ` EV@Ì g_mJVm: Ý& YmVamï´ñ` X~Õ`Õ {à`{MH$sfd: Ý&& 1.23

yotsyamānān: those who wish to fight; avekṣe: see; aham: I; yaḥ: who; ete: these; atra: here; samāgatāḥ: assembled; dhārtarāṣṭrasya: the son of Dhritarashtra; durbuddheḥ: evil-minded; yuddhe: in the fight; priyacikīrṣavaḥ: to please wishing;

1.23 Let me see these well wishers in this war of the evil-minded Duryodhana, who have come together here to fight.

sañjaya uvāca

sañjaya: Sanjaya; uvāca: said; evam: thus; uktaḥ: addressed; hṛṣīkeśaḥ: Hrshikesha; guḍākeśena: by Arjun; bhārata: O Bhaarata; senayoḥ: of armies; ubhayoḥ: of both; madhye: in the middle of; sthāpayitvā: by placing; rathottamam: the finest chariot

bhīṣma: grandfather Bhisma; droṇa: the teacher Drona; pramukhataḥ: in front of; sarveṣāṁ: of all; ca: and; mahīkṣitām: of rulers of the world; uvāca: said; pārtha: O Partha; paśyai: see; etān: those; samavetān: assembled; kurūn: the Kurus; iti: thus

1.24, 25 Sanjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, being thus addressed by Arjuna, Krishna then drew up the fine chariot to the middle of both the armies in front of Bhishma, Drona and all the kings and said, 'Arjuna behold the Kauravas assembled here.'

tatra: there; apaśyat: saw; sthitān: positioned; pārthaḥ: Arjuna; pitṝn: fathers; atha: also; pitāmahān: grandfathers; ācāryān: teachers; mātulān: maternal uncles; bhrātṝn: brothers; putrān: sons; pautrān: grandsons; sakhīn: friends; tathā: too; śvaśurān: fathers-in-law; suhṛdaḥ: well-wishers; ca: and; eva: only; senayoḥ: of the armies; ubhayoḥ: of both ; api: also

1.26 There Arjuna saw, stationed there in both the armies his uncles, grand uncles, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, and friends, as well as his fathers-in-law and well-wishers.

tān: those; samīkṣya: after seeing; sa: he; kaunteyaḥ: kaunteya; sarvān: all; bandhūn: relatives; avasthitān: standing; kṛpayā: by pity; parayā: deep; āviṣṭaḥ: filled; viṣīdan: lamenting; idam: thus; abravīt: spoke

1.27 Seeing all those relatives present there, Arjuna was overwhelmed with deep pity and spoke in sadness.

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arjuna uvāca

arjuna: Arjuna; uvāca: said; dṛṣṭvā: after seeing; imaṁ: all these; svajanaṁ: kinsmen; kṛṣṇa: Krishna; yuyutsuṁ: all eager to do battle; samupasthitam: arranged in form; sīdanti: fail; mama: my; gātrāṇi: limbs; mukhaṁ: mouth; ca: and; pariśuṣyati: is parching

vepathuḥ: trembling; ca: and; śarīre: in body; me: my; romaharṣaḥ: hair standing on end; ca: and; jāyate: happens; gāṇḍīvaṁ: Gaandiva; sraṁsate: slips; hastāt: from the hands; tvak: skin; ca: and; eva: only; paridahyate: is burning

1.28, 29 Arjuna said: Krishna, seeing my friends and relatives present before me, eager to wage war, my limbs are giving way, my mouth is parching and a shiver is running through my body, my hair is standing on end.

na: not; ca: and; śaknomi: am able; avasthātuṁ: to stand; bhramatī'va: whirling; ca: and; me: my; manaḥ: mind; nimittāni: portents; ca: also; paśyāmi: I see; viparī tāni: just the opposite; keśava: O Kesava, killer of demon Kesin

1.30 My bow gāṇḍīva is slipping from my hands and my skin is burning all over. My mind is whirling as it were, and I am now unable to stand here any longer.

Z M I`m©Znî`m{_ hËdm ñdOZ_mhd & 1.31 Z Hm- {dO` HîU Z M amÁ` g I m{Z M &

na: not; ca: and; śreyaḥ: good; anupaśyāmi: I see; hatvā: after killing; svajanam: own kinsmen; āhave: in battle; na: not; kāṅkṣe: I desire; vijayaṁ: victory; kṛṣṇa: O Krishna; na: not; ca: and; rājyaṁ: kingdom; sukhāni: pleasures; ca: and

1.31 I foresee only evil omens, O Krishna; I do not see any good coming out of killing one’s own kinsmen in this battle. I do not covet my dear Krishna, victory or kingdom or pleasures.

qHZm amÁ`Z Jm{dÝX qH ^mJOU{dVZ dm && 1.32

kiṁ: what; naḥ: to us; rājyena: by kingdom; govinda: Govinda; kiṁ: what; bhogaiḥ: by pleasures; jīvitena: life; vā: or

1.32 Of what use will kingdom or happiness or even life be to us?

`fm_W H$m{-V Zm amÁ` ^mJm: g I m{Z M & V B_@dpñWVm `Õ àmUmñË` ŠËdm YZm{Z M & 1.33

yeṣām: for whose; arthe: sake; kāṅkṣitaṁ: desired; no: by us; rājyaṁ: kingdom; bhogāḥ: enjoyment; sukhāni: happiness; ca: and; te: they; ime: these; avasthitāḥ: stand; yuddhe: in battle; prāṇāṁś: lives; tyaktvā: giving up; dhanāni: wealth; ca: and

1.33 For whose sake we desire this kingdom, enjoyment and happiness, they stand in battle staking their lives and property.

ācāryāḥ: teachers; pitaraḥ: fathers; putrāḥ: sons; tathā eva: like that; ca: and; pitāmahāḥ: grandfathers; mātulāḥ: maternal uncles; śvaśurāḥ: fathers-in-law; pautrāḥ: grandsons; śyālāḥ: brothers-in-law; sambandhinaḥ: relatives; tathā: as well as

1.34 Teachers, fathers, sons as well as grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in- law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives.

etān: these; na: not; hantum: for killing; icchāmi: I wish; ghnataḥ: killed; api: even; madhusūdana: O killer of the demon Madhu; api: even; trailokya: of the three worlds; rājyasya: of the kingdoms; hetoḥ: in exchange; kiṁ: what; nu: then; mahīkṛte: for the sake of the earth

1.35 Madhusudhana (Krishna), even if I am killed (by them) I do not want to kill these ones even to gain control of all three worlds, much less for the earthly lordship.

nihatya: after slaying; dhārtarāṣṭrān: sons of Dhritarashtra; naḥ: to us; kā: what; prītiḥ: pleasure; syāt: may be; janārdana: janaardana; pāpaṁ: sins; eva: only; āśrayet: will take hold; asmān: us; hatvā: after killing; etān: these; ātatāyinaḥ: wrong-doers

1.36 What pleasure will we get by destroying the sons of Dhritarashtra, Janardana? Only sin will overcome us if we slay these wrong doers.

tasmāt: therefore; na: not; arhāḥ: justified; vayaṁ: we; hantuṁ: to kill; dhārtarāṣṭrān: the sons of Dhritarashtra; svabāndhavān: our friends; svajanaṁ: kinsmen; hi: for; kathaṁ: how; hatvā: after killing; sukhinaḥ: happy; syāma: may be; mādhava: O Madhava (Krishna)

1.37 Therefore, it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhritarashtra and our relations, for how could we be happy after killing our own kinsmen, Madhava?

yadyapi: if; ete: these; na: not; paśyanti: see; lobhopahata: greed overtaken; cetasaḥ: intelligence; kulakṣayakṛtaṁ: in killing the race done; doṣaṁ: fault; mitradrohe: treason to friends; ca: and; pātakam: sin

1.38 O Janardana, these men, blinded by greed, see no fault in killing one's family or being treasonable to friends, incur sin.

H§W Z k`_ñ_m{^: nmnmXñ_m{Pd{VV_`& H§bj` H§V Xmf ànî`{ØOZmXZ Y&& 1.39

kathaṁ: why; na: not; jñeyam: to be understood; asmābhiḥ: by us; pāpāt: from sins; asmāt: from this; nivartitum: to turn away; kulakṣaya kṛtaṁ: destruction of a dynasty; doṣaṁ: evil; prapaśyadbhiḥ: by the discerning; janārdana: Janardana (Krishna)

1.39 Why should we, who clearly see the sin in the destruction of a dynasty, not turn away from this crime?

H§bj` àUí`pÝV H§bY_m: gZmVZm: & Y_ Zïñ H§b H§Ëg_Y_m@{^^dË`V Y&& 1.40

kulakṣaye: in destroying the family; praṇaśyanti: perish; kuladharmāḥ: the family traditions; sanātanāḥ: age-old; dharme: virtue; naṣṭe: destroyed; kulaṁ: family; kṛtsnam: whole; adharmaḥ: non-righteousness; abhibhavati: overtakes; uta: and

1.40 With the destruction of the dynasty, the age-old family traditions die and virtue having been lost, vice overtakes the entire race.

AY_m{^^dmËH¥îU àXî`pÝV H§b{ó`: & órf Xïmg dmîU` Om`V dUga: Y&& 1.41

adharma: non-righteousness; abhi bhavāt: from the preponderance; kṛṣṇa: O Krishna; praduṣyanti: become corrupt; kula striyaḥ: family women; strīṣu duṣṭāsu: when women become corrupt; vārṣṇeya: O Varshneya (Krishna); jāyate: arises; varṇasaṁkaraḥ: intermixture of castes

1.41 When non-righteous practices become common, O Krishna, the women of the family become corrupt, and with the degradation of womanhood, O Descendant of Vrshni, ensues intermixture of castes.

saṁkaraḥ: mixture; narakāya: for hell; eva: only; kulaghnānāṁ: of the killers of the family; kulasya: of the family; ca: and; patanti: fall; pitaraḥ: forefathers; hi: also; eṣāṁ: their; lupta: deprived; piṇḍodaka: offering of rice to the departed souls water; kriyāḥ: performances

doṣaiḥ: by evil deeds; etaiḥ: these; kulaghnānāṁ: of the destroyer of the family; varṇa saṁkara: mixture of castes; kārakaiḥ: by the doers; utsādyante: are destroyed; jāti dharmāḥ: caste rituals; kula dharmāḥ: family traditions; ca: and; śāśvatāḥ: age-old

1.42, 43 A mixture of blood damns the destroyers of race and the race itself. Deprived of offering of oblations of rice and water the departed souls of the race also fall, the age-long caste traditions and family customs of the killers of kinsmen become extinct.

utsanna: spoiled; kula dharmāṇāṁ: of those who have the family traditions; manuṣyāṇāṁ: of such men; janārdana: O Krshna; narake: in hell; aniyataṁ: always; vāsaḥ: residence; bhavati: becomes; iti: thus; anuśuśruma: we hear

1.44 O Janardana, we hear that those who have lost family traditions dwell in hell for an indefinite period of time.

aho bata: alas; mahat: great; pāpaṁ: sins; kartuṁ: to do; vyavasitā: prepared; vaya : we; yat: that; rājya: kingdom; sukha lobhena: by greed for kingdom; hantuṁ: to kill; svajanaṁ: kinsmen; udyatāḥ: prepared

1.45 Alas, we are prepared to commit greatly sinful acts of killing our kinsmen, driven by the desire to enjoy royal happiness.

yadi: if; māṁ: me; apratīkāraṁ: not resistant; aśastraṁ: unarmed; śastrapāṇayaḥ: with weapons in hand; dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ: the sons of Dhritarashtra; raṇe: in the battle; hanyuḥ: may kill; tat: that; me: mine; kṣemataraṁ: better; bhavet: will be

1.46 It would be better if the sons of Dhritarashtra, armed with weapons, killed me in battle while I am unarmed and unresisting.

sañjaya: Sanjaya; uvāca: said; evam: thus; uktvā: having said; arjunaḥ: Arjuna; saṁkhye: in the battle field; rathopastha: chariot at the rear side; upāviśat: sat down; visṛjya: having cast aside; saśaraṁ: with the arrow; cāpaṁ: the bow; śoka: sorrow; saṁvigna: distressed; mānasaḥ: with a mind

1.47 Sanjaya said: Arjuna, whose mind was agitated by grief on the battle field, having spoken thus, cast aside his bow along with the arrow and sat down at the rear portion of the chariot.

B{V Ìr_ØJdÒrVmgn{ZfËg ~÷{dÚm`m `mJemó ¶rH{$îUmOZgdmX AOZ{dfmX`mJm Zm_ àW_m@Ü`m`: Ý

In the Upaniṣad of the Bhagavad gita, the knowledge of Brahman, the Supreme, the science of Yoga and the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna, this is the first discourse designated:

Arjunaviṣāda Yogaḥ